The Infestation of Triatoma infestans

The insect most responsible for the transmission of chagas in Bolivia is Triatoma infestans. T.cruzi has spread throughout Bolivia because T. infestans has gone from sylvatic habitats to domestic homes. In Bolivia, some seventy percent of the homes in populated areas are infested with vinchucas. Vinchucas basically need a place to hide during the day and mammals and humans upon which they can blood feed. They need blood to go through instar stages and reproduce.

The vinchucas have many places to hide in houses. Cracks in the walls are the most common places where they hide during the day. Many eggs are found in here. Other safe places for the insects are in mattresses. Areas right around the house such as corrals surrounding the house commonly give T. infestans a welcome place to inhabit.

On the move

T. infestans are commonly found in areas at elevations from 1,100 to 11,200 feet (330 to 3450 m) above sea level, although they have been found in areas as high as 13,300 feet (4100 m). T. infestans prefer a warm and humid climate found in lower regions of the Bolivian central regions and lowlands. Infestation rates are highest among rural and periurban households although the migration of T. infestans has led to a significantly increasing rate of infestation in urban areas. This is due to the increased urban migration and transportation between rural and urban areas.

Thatched roofs are widely used, providing nests for vinchucas

Vinchucas nest and lay their eggs in cracks of walls