Improper housing and unhygienic interiors are factors leading to infestation and Chagas' disease. Peasants, technicians, and aiding institutions have begun to remove these causes, and they need to improve their techniques and improve their effects so that all communities become involved. However, economic, political, and social factors beyond peasants' control are also responsible for Chagas' disease. It is difficult to assess the effect that the political economy plays in the spread of chagas in Latin America.

Latin American politics and economy are embedded in a colonial heritage of being dependent upon dominant countries. Peasants are victimized by racism, class stratification, genocide, and expulsion from their land. These factors need to be addressed by governments and international organizations. These environmental concerns also need to be addressed by corporations and governments that are involved in Latin American societies, especially those whose practices facilitate these kinds of social and environmental conditions. National leaders and international organizations need to correct exploitive conditions and relationships.

Corporations have to stop exploitive and environmentally destructive practices, and this can only be enforced by severe sanctions imposed at national and international levels. It is the role of U.S. embassies to stop practices of U.S. corporations in Bolivia that are destroying natural resources in Latin America countries.

The history of violation has been one of a parasitic economic relationship between Latin American countries and Northern industrial countries. This exploitation has led to an imbalance between the biosphere and its inhabitants. Sufferers of Chagas' disease are repercussions of this exploitation.

"Vinchucas brings humans T. cruzi to remind them that they are in a state of eternal competition. Humans have beaten out virtually every other species to the point that humans now talk about protecting their former predators (Joshua Lederman 1994). Vinchucas warn humans that they are not alone at the top of the mountain. T. cruzi and scores of other microbe predators are adapting, changing, evolving, and warning humans that any more rapid change might come at the cost of human devastation. Humans have been neglectful to the microbes, among other things, and that is coming back to haunt us. Vinchucas warn us to return to huaca Villva Cota."

Dr. Joseph Bastien, The Kiss of Death: Chagas' Disease in the Americas, 1998