Spraying inside and outside houses and around corrals temporarily stops infestation of vinchucas. There are several methods in how insecticides are used; some chemicals are applied around the home, and some native plants are used. Campaigns initiated by ministries of health and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have activated control of Chagas' disease by insecticides. The World Health Organization has encouraged this for all countries of South and Central America. However, this is costly for 600,000 houses in Bolivia and needs international financing. The problem of reinfestation by vinchucas remains unless houses are kept clean, maintained, and periodically sprayed. Vinchucas are environmentally adaptable to sylvatic and domestic habitats so that periodically they move back and forth between forest and cities. Implications are that sylvatic vinchucas can reinfest a house previously sprayed. However, Triatoma infestans has difficulty returning to sylvatic habitats and once domestic varieties are killed, there is lesser chance for reinfestation.

A less costly, culturally acceptable, and appropriate technology is the use of native plants and predators. Native plants provide insecticides for decreasing vinchucas. Compounds including ruda (rue, Ruta chalapensis), ajenjo (absinthe, Artemisia adsinthum), andres waylla (Cestrum mathewsi), and jaya pichina (Schurria actorustica) are traditional insecticides used in Bolivia. An assortment of these plants are cut up, smashed, boiled in water, then mixed with dirt and used as plaster to fill holes and cracks in the walls. Coca is also combined with fleshy parts of prickly pear cactus and mixed with plaster to provide an insecticide for covering adobe walls. Another compound, paraiso, kills potato bugs and could be effective against vinchucas. Spiders and small households lizards, carpinteros, eat vinchucas. Floripondio (Datura sanguinea) is found around many houses and its pungent odor expels insects. Peasants frequently burn eucalyptus leaves to remove insects.

Bolivian and Chilean scientists have studied some plants as possible insecticides. So far they have not found a totally effective plant, or one as effective as synthetic insecticides, but this should not deter the use of native plants. Sometimes it is only necessary to get the insect population to a level below which it cannot sustain itself and reproduce. One effective deterrent is an organic phosphorus, called Deltrametrina, that can be used successfully. Deltrametrina is relatively inexpensive to the middle-class, but frequently too costly for peasants and not widely available. Slow-releasing insecticide paints are being developed for covering walls, but certain insecticide paints cause ailments in humans. Although internationally sanctioned, DDT is exported to Bolivia from Western countries, and Bolivians popularly employ DDT. DDT's effects on bird eggs and cancer are well documented, which presents an ethical issue to manufacturers, vendors, and users in that Bolivia has more bird species than any other country in the world.