RUSSIA AND EURASIA: A GEO-POLITICAL PROFILE The following is a brief compilation of information about the political characteristics of the 15 states of the former Soviet Union. It is being updated on a continual basis. ARMENIA: Size: 11,490 square miles. Capital: Yerevan. Population: 3.41 million (93% Armenian; 3% Azerbaijani; 2.3% Russian; 1.7% Kurdish). Independence: Parliament declares sovereignty, Aug. 23, 1990; popular referendum approved Sept. 21, 1991. President: Levon Ter Petroysan, non communist, first elected by parliament Aug. 1990; wins popular election, Oct. 1991, re- elected with 52.32% of vote over Vazgen Manukyan (40.73%) in race marked by widespread charges of fraud. Parliament: single chamber National Council w/ 131 deputies serving 4 year terms; last elected July 4, 1995. * Fought war with Azerbaijan over Nagorno Karabakh region, 1988 to 1994. Member of Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) AZERBAIJAN: Size: 33,340 square miles. Capital: Baku. Population: 7.57 million (82.7% Azerbaijani; 5.6% Russian; 5.6% Armenian; 3.2% Dagestani; 2.9% other). Independence: Parliament declares sovereignty, Sept. 23, 1989, and then full independence, Aug. 30, 1991. President: Gaidar Aliev, former member of CPSU Politburo; takes control from Ebulfez Elcibey in coup, June 18, 1993. Parliament: Milli Mejlis (National Assembly) w/ ___ deputies serving _ year terms; last elected Nov. 12, 1995, heavily manipulated by government resulting in only 15 to 30% turnout. Inactive member of CIS. Administrative Units of Azerbaijan Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic: Size: 2,120 square miles. Capital: Nakhichevan. Population: 295,000 (primarily Azerbaijani). Nagorno Karabakh Autonomous Region: Size: 1,700 square miles. Capital: Stepanakert. Population: 188,000 (75.9% Armenian; 23% Azerbaijani); * Secessionist movement seeks unification with Armenia. BELARUS: Size: 80,134 square miles. Capital: Minsk (also capital of the CIS). Population: 10.2 million (79.4% Belarussian; 11.9% Russian; 4.2% Polish; 2.4% Ukranian; 1.4% Jewish). Independence: Supreme Soviet declares sovereignty, July 27, 1990, and full independence Aug. 25, 1991. President: Alexandr Lukashenko, elected July 10, 1994 with 80% of vote; term extended by 2 years until year 2001 by referendum on Nov. 24, 1996 whic passes with 70.5% of votes cast (84% of eligible voters). Parliament: single chamber Supreme Soviet w/ 260 deputies serving 5 year terms; election status in doubt. Founding member of CIS. ESTONIA: Size: 17,413 square miles. Capital: Tallin. Population: 1.6 million (61.5% Estonian; 30.3% Russian; 3.17% Ukrainian; 1.8% Belarussian; 3.23% other). Independence: Parliament first enacts sovereignty, May 18, 1989, and then full ind., March 30, 1990; approved by 79% of voters in popular plebiscite, March 3, 1991. President: Lennart Meri, elected by parliament, Oct. 5, 1992, re-elected Sept. 20, 1996 by Est. electoral college (196- 126-44) both times over former pres. and former First Sec. of Estonian CP, Arnold Ruutel. Parliament: single chamber Riigikogu w/ 101 deputies serving 3 or 4 year terms (not constitutionally mandated); last elected March 5, 1995. Not a member of CIS. GEORGIA: Size: 27,000 square miles. Capital: Tbilisi. Population: 5.5 million (68.8% Georgian; 9% Armenian; 7.4% Russian; 5.1% Azerbaijani; 3.2% Ossetian; 1.7% Abkhazian). Independence: Popular referendum approved by nearly unanimous vote, March 3, 1991; parl. votes for ind., April 9, 1991; President: Eduard Shevardnadze, initially appointed head of military council (March 9, 1992) wins 90% endorsement in single candidate popular referendum, Oct. 11, 1992; wins first contested election with 70% of vote over former CP leader Dzhumber Patiashvili, Nov. 5, 1995. Parliament: single chamber legislature w/ 147 deputies serving _ year terms; last elected Nov. 5 and Nov. 19, 1995. Not a member of CIS. Administrative Units of Georgia Abkhazian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Size: 3,320 square miles. Capital: Sukhumi Population: 521,000 (17.1% Abkhazian; 43.9% Georgian; 16.4% Russian). * Currently under control of Abkhaz separatist movement supported by Russian troops Adjarian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic: Size: 1,160 square miles. Capital: Batumi. Population: 375,000 (80.1% Georgian; 9.8% Russian; 4.6% Armenian). South Ossetian Autonomous Region: Size: 1,505 square miles. Capital: Tskhinvali. Population: 98,000 (66.4% Ossetian; 28.8% Georgian). * Separatist movement supported by both Russians and North Ossetians. KAZAKSTAN: Size: 1,049,155 square miles. Capital: Almaty (to be moved to Akmola, formerly Tselinograd). Population: 16.5 million (41.9% Kazak; 37% Russian; 5.2% Ukrainian; 4.7% German; 2.1% Uzbek; 2% Tatar; 7.1% 'other' including over 100 nationalities). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, Oct. 25, 1990, and ind. Dec. 16, 1991. President: Nursultan Nazarbeyev, former First Sec. of Kazak CP resigns Aug. 28, 1991; elected Chairman of Kazak Supreme Soviet, Feb. 22, 1990; only candidate in popular vote, Dec. 1, 1991; term extended until 2000 in popular referendum, April 29, 1995. Parliament: Senate w/ 47 indirectly-elected members (elected Dec. 5, 1995), and Majlis w/ 67 deputies (elected Dec. 9, 1995) serving 4 year terms. Member of CIS. KYRGYZSTAN: Size: 76,470 square miles. Capital: Bishkek. Population: 4.62 million (52.4% Kyrgyz; 17% Russian; 12.9% Uzbek; 2.5% Ukrainian; 2.4% German; 2% Tatar). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, Dec. 12, 1990; parl. votes for full ind. by vote of 263 to 2, Aug. 31, 1991; President: Askar Akaev, non communist, elected by parliament, Oct. 1990; wins first contested election with 73.9% of vote over CP candidate Absamat Masaliev, Dec. 24, 1995. Parliament: Jogorku Kenesh w/ 105 deputies total; 35 serve in Assembly of Legislatures, 70 serve in Assembly of Representatives for 5 year terms; last elected Feb. 5, 1995. Member of CIS. LATVIA: Size: 24,595 square miles. Capital: Riga. Population: 2.73 million (51.8% Latvian; 33.8% Russian; 4.5% Belarussian; 3.4% Ukrainian; 2.3% Polish; 4.2% other). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, July 29, 1989, full ind., May 4, 1990; popular plebiscite for ind. by 87.5%, March 3, 1991. President: Guntis Ulmanis, elected by parliament, July 7, 1993 reelected June 18, 1996. Parliament: single-chamber Saeima w/ 100 deputies serving 3 year terms; last elected Sept. 30 and Oct. 1, 1995. Not a member of CIS. LITHUANIA: Size: 25,170 square miles. Capital: Vilnius. Population: 3.81 million (80% Lithuanian; 8.6% Russian; 7.7% Polish; 3.6% other). Independence: Supreme Soviet declares sovereignty, May 18, 1989, vote of 124 to 6 for full ind., March 11, 1990; popular referendum approved, Feb. 9, 1991. President: Algirdas Brazauskas, former First Sec., CPL, and now head of Democratic Labor Party which wins Lith.' first post Soviet elections from first Pres. Vytautas Landsbergis, with 80 parl. seats to Sajudis' 40, Oct. 25 & Nov. 15, 1992. Parliament: single chamber Seimas w/ 141 deputies serving 4 year terms; last elected Nov. 25, 1992, next parl. elec. scheduled for Oct. 1996 Not a member of CIS. MOLDOVA: Size: 13,000 square miles. Capital: Chisinau (Kishinev). Population: 4.45 million (64.5% Moldovan; 13.8% Ukrainian; 13% Russian; 3.5% Gagauzi; 2% Bulgarian; 1.5% Jewish; 1.7% other). Independence: Parl. votes for sovereignty, June 21, 1990, full ind., Aug. 27, 1991. President: Petru Lucinschi, former member of CPSU Secretariat, later speaker of Mol. parl., defeats Pres. Mircea Snegur in general election on Dec. 1, 1996, 54% to 46%. Parliament: single chamber legislature w/ 101 deputies serving 4 year terms; last elected Feb. 27, 1994. Russian separatists control Trans Dniestr region, supported by Russian army, communists, Cossacks; Member of CIS. RUSSIA: Size: 6.6 million square miles. Capital: Moscow. Population: 149,300,359 (81.5% Russian; 3.8% Tatar; 3% Ukrainian; 1.2% Chuvash; 10.5% other); Independence: Supreme Soviet declares sovereignty over its territory and natural resources, June 8, 1990. President: Boris Yeltsin, resigns from CPSU, July 13, 1990; wins presidency in Russian Supreme Soviet on fourth ballot, May 29, 1990, and six way popular election with 60+% of vote, June 12, 1991; reelected July 3, 1996. Parliament: Federal Assembly divided into Federation Council w/ 176 members (indirectly elected or appointed), and State Duma w/ 450 members serving for 4 year terms; last elected Dec. 13, 1995. Founding member of CIS. The Russian Republics: Republic of Adygea: Size: 1,150 square miles. Capital: Maikop. Population: 432,000; President: Aslan Dzharimov, Chairman of State Council: Yevgenii Salov. Republic of Altai: Size: 35,740 square miles. Capital: Gorno Altaisk. Population: 192,000; Chairman of State Assembly: Valerii Chaptynov, Chairman of Government: Vladimir Petrov. Republic of Bashkortostan: Size: 55,430 square miles. Capital: Ufa. Population: 3.95 million (24.3% Bashkirian; 40.3% Russian; 24.5% Tatar; 3.2% Chuvash); President: Murtaza Rahkminov (elected Dec. 12, 1993), Chairman of House of Representatives of State Assembly: Munnirais Ishmuratov. Republic of Buryatia: Size: 135,650 square miles. Capital: Ulan Ude. Population: 1.04 million (23% Buryat; 72% Russian); President, chairman of Government: Leonid Potapov (Rus., elected June 30, 1994), Chairman of People's Hural: Mikhail Semenov. Chechen Republic (Chechnya): Size: 7,350 square miles. Capital: Grozny. Population, pre war: 1.27 million (52.9% Chechen; 29.1% Russian; 11.7% Ingush); * Independence: declared Nov. 2, 1991, Russian troops invade republic Dec. 1994 to suppress movement; President: Dzhokar Dudayev (former Soviet air force general, elected Oct. 27, 1991, deposed by Russian invasion, killed during military action, April 23, 1996), President: Doku Zavgaev (elected with Russian support, Dec. 13, 1995). Chairman of Supreme Council: Amin Osmaev Chuvash Republic: Size: 7,064 square miles. Capital: Cheboksary. Population: 1.33 million (68.4% Chuvash; 26% Russian; 2.9% Tatar; 1.6% Mordovian); President: Nikolai Fedorov (elected Dec. 26, 1993), Chairman of State Council: Valentin Shurchanov. Republic of Dagestan: Size: 19,416 square miles. Capital: Makhachkala. Population: 1.79 million (25.7% Avartsy; 15.2% Dargintsy; 12.4% Kumyki; 11.6% Lezginy; 11.6% Russian; 5.1% Laki; 4.4% Tabasarany; 4% Azerbaijani); Chairman of People's Assembly: Mukhu Aliev (elected by Supreme Soviet, Aug. 16, 1994), Chairman of State Council: Magomed-Ali Magomedov, Ingush Republic (Ingushetia): Size: no exact figures Capital: Nazran Population: President: (Maj. Gen.) Ruslan Aushev (reelected Feb. 27, 1994), Chairman of People's Assembly: Ruslan Pliev. Kabardino Balkaria Republic: Size: 4,825 square miles. Capital: Nalchik. Population: 760,000 (45.6% Kabardinian; 35.1% Russian; 9% Balkar); President: Valerii Kokov (elected Jan. 9, 1992, reelected Jan. 12, 1997 w/ 99% of vote), Chairman of Council of Representatives of Parliament: Makhmud Zhaboev. Republic of Kalmykia Khalmg Tangc: Size: 29,300 square miles. Capital: Elista. Population: 322,000 (41.5% Kalmyk; 42.6% Russian; 6.6% Kazakh, Chechen, and Dagestani); President: Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, unopposed reelection (85% of vote) for 7 year term, Oct. 15, 1995, Chairman of Parliament: Konstantin Maksimov. Karachaevo Cherkessia Republic: Size: 5,442 square miles. Capital: Cherkessk. Population: 418,000; Head of the republic: Vladimir Khubiev, Chairman of People's Assembly: Igor Ivanov. Republic of Karelia: Size: 172,400 square miles. Capital: Petrozavodsk. Population: 792,000 (71.3% Russian; 11.1% Karelian; 8.1% Belarussian; 3.2% Ukrainian; 2.7% Finnish); Chairman of Government: Viktor Stepanov (elected April 17, 1994), Chairman of Chamber of Representatives of Legislative Assembly: Valentina Pivnenko Republic of Khakassia: Size: 23,855 square miles. Capital: Abakan. Population: 569,000. Chairman of Council of Ministers: Yevgenii Smirnov defeated in Dec. 1, 1996 elec. getting only 8% of vote (the republic does not have a president); Chairman of Supreme Council: Vladimir Shtygashev. Republic of Komi: Size: 164,540 square miles. Capital: Syktyvkar. Population: 1.26 million (25.3% Komi; 56.7% Russian; 10.7% Ukrainian and Belarussian); Head (not pres.) of Republic and govt.: Yuri Spiridonov (elected May 8, 1994), Chairman of State Council: Vladimir Torlopov. Republic of Mari El: Size: 8,955 square miles. Capital: Yoshkar Ola. Population: 750,000 (43.5% Mari; 47.5% Russia;, 5.8% Tatar; 1.1% Chuvash); President: Vyacheslav Kislitsyn (NPSR), elected Jan. 4, 1997 in 2nd round over Leonid Markelov (LDPR) who gets 36%; incumbent Vladislav Zotin fails to make 2nd round after receiving only 9.7% in 1st round; turnout 63%; Chairman of State Assembly: Anatolii Smirnov. Republic of Mordovia: Size: 10,110 square miles. Capital: Saransk. Population: 964,000 (34.2% Mordovian; 59.7% Russian; 4.6% Tatar). Head of the Republic: Nikolai Merkushkin (elected Sept. 22, 1995) Chairman of State Assembly: Valerii Kechkin. Republic of North Ossetia Alaniya (as of Nov. 10, 1994): Size: 3,088 square miles. Capital: Mozdok. Population: 634,000 (50.5% Ossetian; 33.9% Russian; 8.1% Ingush and other Caucasian peoples); * Factional conflict between Ossetians and Ingush, Oct. 1992; President: Akhsarbek Galazov (elected Jan. 16, 1994), Chairman of Parliament: Vyacheslav Parinov. Republic of Sakha (Yakutia): Size: 1,197,760 square miles. Capital: Yakutsk. Population: 1.08 million (36.9% Yakut; 50.4% Russian; 22% other 'Northern' peoples); President: Mikhail Nikolaev (I); elected Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 60% of vote over Artur Alekseev who gets 26%; turnout 64%. Chairman of Chamber of Republic of State Assembly: Egor Larionov. Republic of Tatarstan (Tatarstan): Size: 26,250 square miles. Capital: Kazan. Population: 3.64 million (47.7% Tatar; 44% Russian; 5.9% Chuvash, Mordovian, and Udmurt); Independence: referendum voted for by 61% to 37%, March 21, 1992 (not recognized by Russia); President: Mintimer Shaimiyev, Chairman of State Council: Vasilii Likhachev. Republic of Tyva (Tuva): Size: 65,810 square miles. Capital: Kyzyl. Population: 309,000 (60.5% Tuvans; 36.2% Russians); President: Sherig ool Oorzhak, Chairman of Parliament: Kaadyr ool Bicheldei. Udmurt Republic: Size: 16,250 square miles. Capital: Izhevsk. Population: 1.6 million (32.2% Udmurt; 58.3% Russian; 6.6% Tatar); Chairman of State Council: Aleksandr Volkov (elected April 19, 1995) Chairman of State Council of Government: Pavel Vershinin, Other Administrative Units and Their Leaders: Cities of federal significance: Moscow Yuri Luzhkov (mayor), elected June 19, 1996 St. Petersburg Vladimir Yakovlev (governor), elected June 2, 1996 Oblasts: Name/Position Title Amur Anatolii Belonogov, head of admin,; elected Sept. 22, 1996 over incumbent Yurii Lyashko (appointed by Yeltsin June 1996); 36% turnout; Arkhangelsk Anatolii Yefremov (I), head of admin.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 in second round w/ 58% of vote over Yurii Guskov who gets 33%. Astrakhan Anatolii P. Guzhvin, head of admin. (incum- bent), elected Dec. 8, 1996 w/ 52% of vote over Vyacheslav Zvolinskii who gets 39%. Belgorod Yevgenii S. Savchenko, head of admin.; Bryansk Yurii Lodkin (NPSR), head of admin.; elected Dec. 8, 1996 w/ 55% of vote over incumbent Aleksandr Semernev (appt. by Yeltsin June 1996) who gets 26%; turnout 50%. Chelyabinsk Petr Sumin (NPSR), gov.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 53.92% of vote over incumbent Vadim Solovev who gets 16%; turnout 51%. Chita Ravil Geniatulin, gov.; appt. by Yeltsin Feb. 1996, elected w/ 31% to challenger Yaroslav Shvyryaev's 23% (Chita law requires only 25% in first round to be elected); turnout 46%. Ivanovo Vladislav Tikhomirov, gov.; elected Dec. 1. 1996 over Sergei Sirotkin (LDPR), 50.1% to 24%; turnout 47%. Irkutsk Yurii A. Nozhikov, gov.; appt. by Yeltsin Sept. 1991; Kaliningrad Leonid Gorbenko, gov, elected Oct. 20, 1996 w/ 50% of vote in runoff over incumbent Yurii S. Matochkin (Yeltsin supported), who gets 40%; turnout 43%. Kaluga Valerii Sudarenkov (NPSR), head of admin., elected Nov. 10, 1996 in runoff over incumbent Oleg Savchenko who gets 31%; turnout 41%. Kamchatka Vladimir A. Biryukov, gov.; elected w/ 61% in second round of voting, Dec. 1, 1996 over Boris Oleinikov who gets 28%; turnout 34%. Kenerovo Mikhail B. Kislyuk, head of admin.; Kirov Vladimir Sergeenkov (Popular Power Duma faction), elected Oct. 20, 1996 w/ 50% in runoff over Nikolai Stin who gets 45% (Yelt.-backed incumbent Vasilii A. Desyatnikov fails to make run-off); turnout 54%. Kostroma Viktor Shershunov (NPSR), head of admin.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 in 2nd round w/ 64% over incumbent Valerii Arbuzov who gets 31%. Kurgan Oleg Bogomolov (NPSR), gov. runs unopposed Dec. 8, 1996, gets 67% after 2 other candidates drop out; incumbent Anatolii Sobolev defeated in first round w/ 13%. Kursk Alexader Rutskoi, head of admin. (Der- zhava, former VP) elected with 79% of vote on Oct. 20, 1996 over incumbent Vasilii I. Shuteyev (appt. by Yeltsin, Dec. 1991) who gets 18% of vote; turnout 57%. Leningrad Vadim Gustov (CPRF-supported), gov., elected with 53% of vote on Sept. 29, 1996 over incumbent Aleksandr S. Belya- kov (appt. by Yeltsin, Oct. 1991) who gets 32% of vote; 34% turnout; Lipetsk Mikhail T. Narolin, head of admin.; Magadan Valentin Tsvetkov (supported by NPSR, Yabloko, LDPR and R-NC) elected Nov. 3, w/ 46% over incumbent Viktor G. Mikhailov who gets 41%. Moscow Anatolii S. Tyazhelov, head of admin.; Murmansk Yurii Yevdokimov (KRO), gov.; elected w/ 44% of vote on Oct. 20, 1996 over incumbent Yevgenii B. Komarov (NDR, appt. by Yeltsin Nov. 1991), who gets 40%. Nizhnii Novgorod Boris E. Nemtsov, governor; Novgorod Mikhail M. Prusak, head of admin.; Novosibirsk Vitalii P. Mukha, head of admin.; Omsk Leonid K. Polezhaev, head of admin.; Orel Egor S. Stroev, head of admin.; Orenburg Vladimir V. Elagin, head of admin.; Penza Anatolii F. Kovlyagin, head of admin.; Perm Gennadii V. Igumnov (I), head of admin.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 in runoff w/ 65% of vote over Sergei Levitan who gets 29%; turnout in 2nd round 39%. Pskov Yevgenii Mikhailov becomes first LDPR governor Nov. 3, 1996 w/ 56% of vote over incumbent Vladislav N. Tumanov who gets 37%; turnout in 1st round 51.7%, second round 60.2%. Rostov Vladimir F. Chub, head of admin. (appt. by Yeltsin Aug. 1991) elected with 62% of vote on Sept. 29, 1996 over predeces- sor Leonid Ivanchenko (CPRF-supported) who gets 32% of vote; 45% turnout; Ryazan Vyacheslav Lyubimov (NPSR), gov.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 56% of vote over incum- bent Igor Ivlev (appt. by Yeltsin Oct. 15, 1996) who gets 38.36%; turnout in 1st round 52%. Sakhalin Igor P. Farkhutdinov, gov.; elected Oct. 20, 1996 w/ 40% over Leonid Chernii who gets 25%; turnout 33%. Samara Konstantin A. Titov, gov.,; elected Dec. 1, 1996 defeating Valentin Romanov (CPRF), 63% to 32%; turnout 52%. Saratov Dmitrii Ayatskov (I appt. by Yeltsin April, 1996; member of R-NC movement); elected Sept. 1, 1996 w/ 81% defeating CPRF candidate Anatolii Gordeev who gets 16% of vote; turnout 60%. Smolensk Anatolii E. Glushenkov, head of admin.; Sverdlovsk Eduard E. Rossel, governor; Tambov Aleksandr I. Ryabov, head of admin.; Tomsk Viktor M. Kress, head of admin.; Tula Nikolai V. Sevryugin, governor; Tver Vladimir I. Platov, governor; Tyumen Leonid Y. Roketskii, head of admin.; appt. by Yeltsin Feb. 1993; Ulyanovsk Yurii F. Goryachev, head of admin.; elect- ed Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 43% of vote over Aleksandr Kruglikov who gets 34%. Vladimir Nikolai Vinogradov (NPSR), head of admin. elected Dec. 8, 1996 w/ 63% of vote over incumbent Yurii V. Vlasov who gets 22%. Volgograd Nikolai Maksyuta (NPSR), head of admin.; elected Dec. 29, 1996 w/ 51% of vote over incumbent Ivan P. Shabunin who gets 44. Vologda Vyacheslav Pozgalev, gov.; incumbent elected Oct. 6, 1996 w/ 80% of vote; 45% turnout; Voronezh Ivan Shabanov (NPSR), gov.; elected Dec. 8, 1996 w/ 49% of vote over incumbent Aleksandr Tsapin (appt. by Yeltsin Sept. 1996). Yaroslavl Anatolii I. Lisitsyn, gov.; Autonomous oblasts: Birobidzhan Nikolai M. Volkov, gov.; elected Oct. 20, 1996 w/ 72% of vote over Sergei Leskov who gets 16%; turnout 42%. Krais: Altai Aleksandr Surikov (NPSR), gov.; elected Oct. 20, 1996 w/ 49% of vote over incumbent Lev A. Korshunov (NDR) who gets 46%; turnout 56%. Khabarovsk Viktor I. Ishaev, head of admin.; elected Dec. 8, 1996 w/ 77% of vote over Viktor Tsoi who gets 7%. Krasnodar Nikolai Kondratenko (NPSR), gov.; elected in repeated election Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 82% of vote over incumbent Nikolai Yegorov (former pres. chief-of-staff; appt. by Yeltsin July 15, 1996) who gets only 5%; turnout in 2nd round 47%. Krasnoyarsk Valerii M. Zubov, head of admin.; Primorsk Yevgenii I. Nazdratenko, governor; Stavropol Aleksandr Chernogorov (CPRF), gov.; elected Nov. 17, 1996 in runoff w/ 55% over incumbent Petr P. Marchenko 40%; turnout in 1st round 45%, 2nd round 65%. Autonomous okrugs: Agin-Buryat Bolot V. Ayushiev, head of admin.; Chukchi Aleksandr V. Nazarov (I), head of admin.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 63% of vote over Vladimir Yetylin who gets 23%. Evenk Anatolii M. Yakimov, head of admin.; Khanty-Mansi Aleksandr V. Filipenko, incumbent, elect- ed Oct. 27, 1996 w/ 72% (both admin. and comm. support him) over G. Kore- panov who gets 9%; turnout 47%. Komi-Permyak Nikolai A. Poluyanov, gov. (supported by admin. and PPUR) reelected Nov. 17, 1996 w/ 71% of vote over Anatolii Fedoseev who gets 17%; turnout 57%. Koryak Valentina Bronevich, first female gov. (backed by R-NC), elected Nov. 17, 1996 w/ 46% of vote over incumbent Sergei Leushkin who gets 25%; turnout 58%. Nenets Vladimir Butov, gov., elected in second round of voting Dec. 13, 1996 w/ 49% of vote over incumbent Vladimir Khabrov (appt. by Yeltsin March 1996.) who gets 39%. Taimyr (Dolgano Nenets) Gennadii P. Nedelin (I), head of admin.; elected Dec. 22, 1996 w/ 64% of vote over G. Subbotkin who gets 12%; turn- out 30%. Ust-Orda Buryat Valerii Maleev (supported by NDR), gov., elected Nov. 17, 1996 w/ 37% over incumbent Aleksei N. Batagaev who gets 26%; turnout 59%. Yamal-Nenets Yurii V. Neelov, head of admin., incum- bent elected Oct. 13, 1996 w/ 68% over Vladimir Foman who gets 17%; turnout 49%. Abbreviations: CPRF = Communist Party of the Russian Federation (leader: Gennadi Zyuganov) I = incumbent KRO = Congress of Russian Communities (leader: Aleksandr Lebed) LDPR = Liberal Democratic Party of Russia (leader: Vladimir Zhirinovsky) NDR = Our Home is Russia (leader: Viktor Chernomyrdin) NPSR = Popular Patriotic Union of Russia (leader: Zyuganov, left alliance) R-NC = Reforms-New Course (leader: Vladimir Shumeiko). TAJIKISTAN: Size: 55,240 square miles. Capital: Dushanbe. Population: 5.83 million (64.9% Tajik; 25% Uzbek; 3.5% Rus sian; 6.6% other). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, Aug. 24,, 1990, and ind., Sept. 9, 1991. President: Imomali Rakhmonov, elected chairman of Supreme Soviet, Nov. 19, 1992. Parliament: single chamber Majlisi Milli w/ 181 deputies serving 5 year terms; last elected Feb. 26, 1994. * Civil war since 1992. Member of CIS. Administrative Unit of Tajikistan Gorno Badakhshan Autonomous Region: Size: 24,590 square miles. Capital: Khorog. Population: 143,000 (83% Tajik; 11% Kyrgyz). TURKMENISTAN: Size: 186,400 square miles. Capital: Ashakabad. Population: 3.91 million (73.3% Turkmenian; 9.8% Russian; 9% Uzbek; 2% Kazakh; 5.9% other). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, Aug. 22, 1990; popular plebiscite approves ind. by 94%, Oct. 27, 1991. President: Saparmurad Niyazov, First Sec. of CP; elected pres. by parl., Oct. 1990; term extended until 2002 by popular referendum, Jan. 15, 1994. Parliament: Khalk Maslakhaty w/ about 100 members serving 5 year terms, and Medzhlis (Parliament) w/ 50 deputies serving 5 year terms; last elected Dec. 11, 1994. Member of CIS. UKRAINE: Size: 231,990 square miles. Capital: Kiev. Population: 51.8 million (73.6% Ukrainian; 22% Russian; 1% Jewish; 0.8% Belarussian; 4% other). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, July 16, 1990, and ind., Aug. 24, 1991; referendum approved by 92%, Dec. 1, 1991. President: Leonid Kuchma, elected with 52% of popular vote over first dem. elected pres. Leonid Kravchuk, July 10, 1994. Parliament: single chamber Verkhovna Rada w/ 450 deputies serving 4 year terms; last elected March 27, 1994. Founding Member of CIS. UZBEKISTAN: Size: 172,741 square miles. Capital: Tashkent. Population: 22.1 million (71.4% Uzbek; 8.3% Russian; 4.7% Tajik; 2.4%% Tatar; 2.1% Karakalpak; 7% other). Independence: Parl. declares sovereignty, June 20, 1990, full ind., Aug 31, 1991. President: Islam Karimov, elected by parl., March 1990; resigns from CPSU Politburo, Aug. 23, 1991. Parliament: single chamber Oliy Majlis w/ 150 deputies serving 5 year terms; last elected Dec. 25, 1994. Member of CIS. Administrative Unit of Uzbekistan Karakalpak Autonomous Republic: Size: 63,920 square miles. Capital: Nukus. Population: 1.04 million (31.1% Karakalpak, 31.5% Uzbek, 26.9% Kazakh). * Indicates separatist movement/civil conflict. (revised September 5, 1996)