Yugoslav Events Chronology July-Dec. 1992 July 2 200 Canadian troops arrive in Sara. to be- gin securing airport; 4 French military planes and 1 Norwegian land with supplies for city; Britain and Italy have supplies in Croatia waiting for airport to be se- cured; Islamic Development Bank says it will donate $5 million for emergency sup- plies and $15 million for rebuilding Sara. infrastructure; Serb businessman, Milan Panic, living in US for past 25 years, agrees to be premier of new Yugo., and says he will withdraw regular army troops from Bosnia July 3 US joins relief effort with 2 C-130 Her- cules transports flying to Sara. making total for day of 11 planes; EC negotiator Lord Carrington holds 5 hours of talks in Sara. and leaves saying he is discouraged that neither side is willing to make con- cessions; Izetbegovic tells Carrington that he 'will not negotiate with war criminals'; Serbs in Grbavica section of Sara. begin expelling non-Serbs in round of ethnic cleansing after Carrington leaves July 4 Overnight shelling of Dobrinja by Serbs from surrounding hills and from within the city's Jewish cemetary; fighting in N. Bosnia kills 3 in Bosanski Brod; Bosnian govt. gives new casualty count as 7,561 dead, including 1,359 in Sara., and 27,412 wounded since Feb. 29; 9 more planes land, but UN commander Mac- Kenzie says he may have to turn back re- lief flights July 5 Def. Sec. Cheney says Bush 'prepared to use US naval and air assets' to guarantee delivery of aid, but that US reluctant to use ground forces; statement in contrast to Sec. of State Baker who says 'nothing short of a show of force' would work on the Serbs; 4 killed in Sara.; Croats in Mostar area declare state of Herzeg-Bosnia comprising 20% of former BH July 6 Bosnian govt. declares Croatian mini-state of Herzeg-Bosnia 'treasonous' and that it will weaken efforts to resist Serbs; Cro- atian Pres. Tudjman says that Croatia re- cognizes Bosnia's ind., but that Croats had to organize against Serb aggression and certain 'tendencies' of the Muslim leadership; Tudjman also says war in Cro- atia is definitely over; Yugo. Premier Panic asks CSCE officials not to expel his country and that he will stop fighting in BH in 100 days; US broadens sanctions against Yugo. to include all companies lo- cated in Montenegro and Serbia as being owned or controlled by govts.; 15 relief flights arrive, but fewer than half of all communities in Sara. have been able to get assistance July 7 Leaders at G-7 conference in Munich say that use of force may be necessary to end conflict in BH July 8 CSCE suspends Yugo. for 100 days which coincides with Panic's pledge to end fighting in same amount of time July 11 Serbs attack Gorazde, last significant Muslim-held town in E. Bosnia, where 50,000 have under seige for 3 months; 15 children a day reported to be dying here of malnutrition; renewed artillery attacks on Dubrovnik July 12 8-vessel NATO force heads towards Adriatic to apply pressure on Yugo. by monitoring UN embargo compliance July 13 Serbs dynamite 4 power transmission lines leading into Sar. cutting off city's elec- tricity and water pumps; UN Sec. Council approves 500 more peacekeeping troops for Sara. airport; renewed artillery barrages have killed 25 since Saturday; Attacks on Gorazde said to include air strikes; French planes bringing supplies into Sara. hit by small-arms fire; France suspends planned deployment of helicopters to Sara.; Serb leader Karadzic says that intl. intervention would be 'disastrous' for the civilian population July 14 Milan Panic elected premier of Yugo. by parl.; speculation by Borba that Milo- sevic will step down; Yugo. pres., Do brica Cosic, sends letter to UN Sec. Council denying that Yugo. forces are still involved in fighting July 15 NATO says its warships will begin patrol- ling the Adriatic on the 16th; Panic be- gins trying to form a govt.; all 3 groups in BH agree to negotiations in London July 16 Karadzic, in London for peace talks, gives order for Serbs around Gorazde to stop firing; order has little effect as artil- lery duels continue July 17 2-week cease-fire agreed upon in London by all Bosnian factions; cease-fire calls for all refugees to be able to return to their homes and for freedom of movement across blockaded roads; 2 French peace- keeping troops killed by land mine in Zadar (1st UN troops killed in conflict) July 19 Panic travels to Sara. for talks with Izetbegovic; despite truce, heavy shell- ing, machine-gun, and mortar fire takes place in Sara.; Serbs trying to extend control over territory before cease-fire takes hold July 21 Newsday reports that up to 20,000 Mus- lims and Croats have been deported from NW Bosnia to Zenica in Central Bosnia in cattle cars without food or water; de- portations part of Serb efforts to cut corridor from Serbia to Krajina region of Croatia; conditions described as being similar to deportations of Jews in WWII July 22 Boutros-Ghali rejects Sec. Council plan to place heavy weapons under UN control saying UN not prepared to supervise the situation; heavy fighting continues a- round Gorazde; mayor says town has only enough food to last 48 hours July 23 Serb assault on Gorazde kills 20, wounds 50 in 24-hour period July 24 US aircraft carrier Saratoga and battle group now off Adriatic coast July 25 Artillery attacks kill 12 in Sara. in- cluding 3 waiting in line for humani- tarian aid (23 killed in last 24 hours); UN food truck hits land mine July 26 Bosnians to attend peace talks in London but Izetbegovic says they will not nego- tiate since previous agreements were not honored July 27 US warplanes fly sorties off Adriatic coast but have orders to stay out of Yugo. airspace; new round of EC-sponsored peace talks begin in London July 29 Boutros-Ghali calls for 850 police and civilians to prevent further ethnic cleansing in Serb-dominated areas of Croatia; says that UN resources stretched too thin; renewed fighting in Sara., some of it near airport July 30 Geneva meeting on Yugo. crisis decides to waive lengthy visa requirements to allow for more refugees into European countries; Germany has already accepted 200,000 Yugos. July 31 Bosnian defenders launch offensive against Serbs in hills around Sara.; at least 40 Bosnians killed as they fight with light weapons against heavy weapons of Serbs; Izetbegovic, in BBC interview, rejects EC suggestion that Bosnia negotiate a settlement, and compares Karadzic to Hit- ler for ethnic cleansing policy Aug. 1 Bosnian offensive called off after 36 hours; 100-150 Bosnian troops killed in battle Aug. 2 Tudjman wins new, 5-year term as pres. in 1st-ever Croatian general election; Bus with 40 orphans attempting to leave Sara. is fired upon and 2 children are killed; Newsday reports that Serbs are maintaining concentration camps where hundreds are be- ing executed or starved to death; Red Cross says it will try to gain access to camps Aug. 3 Bush admin. says it can confirm Newsday accounts of concentration camps; 18 kill- ed in Sara. in last 24 hours; UN peace- keeping soldier dies in Bonn from mortar wound received in Bosnia the previous week Aug. 4 UN suspends aid to Sara. for 3 days due to heavy fighting; funeral for 2 children killed by snipers during evacuation on Saturday disrupted by Serbian shelling of cemetary; US Asst. Sec. of State, Thomas Niles, tells House subcommittee that it cannot confirm reports of detention centers and executions Aug. 5 Red Cross officials able to visit 9 camps and find conditions 'very difficult', but cannot confirm atrocities; Bi-partisan group of US senators (Mitch- ell, Dole) sponsor non-binding resolution calling on admin. to ask UN to authorize use of force if necessary to deliver hu- manitarian aid; resolution blocked after Sen. John Warner says it would give the UN a blank check; Aircraft carrier Sara- toga leaves Adriatic for Mediterranean Aug. 6 Bush calls on UN to authorize military force to deliver humanitarian supplies after British TV shows video of camp in- mates near starvation; Vatican calls for military intervention; UN headquarters in Sara. shelled, wounding 4 French soldiers Aug. 7 Bush says US 'will not rest until the intl. community has gained access to any and all detention camps', but says he is not prepared to commit US troops; Serbs and Croats agree to exchange 1,500 pris- oners on Aug. 14 Aug. 8 Bosnian Serb leader, Aleska Buha, threat- ens 'kamikaze missions' against nuclear plants in W. Europe if there is outside military intervention in Bosnia; Karadzic says that he has proposed turning deten- tion centers over to Red Cross, and that he has ordered release of all sick prison- ers 60 years of age or older; fighting around Sara., and in Visoko (NW BH); Bush says that no options have been ruled in or out Aug. 9 Serbs say they will give access to camps to Red Cross officials; critics fear that Serbs will show only certain camps; Izet- begovic travels to Pakistan to rally Mus- lim support for Bosnia, and applauds Iranian call for Islamic army to fight Serbs; fighting on Croatian-Bosnian border (Bosanska Gradiska) kills 20 Serbs and dozens of Croats; Serb air raid on Bosan- ski Brod kills 14 Aug. 10 Focus shifts to Bihac where 300,000 are nearly encircled by Serbs; Serbs have been shelling the town of 70,000 since mid-June to try and force Muslims out Aug. 11 Ethnic cleansing continues in NW Bosnia as 28,000 are being forced from their homes near Bihac; Serbs around Sara. say they will allow women and children under 18 to leave the city Aug. 13 UN Sec. Council agrees to use of force to ensure delivery of humanitarian supplies (12-0; China, India, Zimbabwe abstain), and demands Red Cross have unimpeded ac- cess to camps; UN sends aid convoyh to Banja Luka instead of evacuating 28,000 Muslims who are being forced out of their homes by Serb militias; Intl. Comm. of the Red Cross blames all 3 groups for 'systematic brutality' against civilians; Yugo. recognizes Slovenia; ABC TV producer David Kaplan killed by sniper fire while in car leaving Sara. airport (1st American to be killed in this war) Aug. 14 Unnamed US official says Bush admin. knew of atrocities in Bosnia as early as May and directed CIA and DIA to find out more in June; Newsday reports systematic cover- up by admin.; NATO refuses to commit large numbers of troops to support UN relief convoys; Aircraft carrier Saratoga again heads for Adriatic Aug. 15 UN aid convoy reaches Gorazde; shelling of Sara. continues; new convoy of women and children scheduled to leave Sara., this time for Serbia; Izetbegovic refuses (a- gain) to meet with Bosnian Serb leaders; Pope sends envoy (French Cardinal Roger Etchegaray) to Sara. Aug. 16 Fighting in Rogatica (between Gorazde and Sara.) kills 10 Aug. 17 UN convoy returns to Sara. from Gorazde (approx. 30 miles); UN official w/ convoy estimates population of town at 40,000 instead of 80,000-100,000 as previously thought; says population near starvation and operations conducted in hospitals without anesthetics; Serbs shell refugee hotel in Sara. killing 5; say it is re- taliation for Bosnians shelling a nursery and clinic in nearby Pale; other shelling in Sara. kills 6 Aug. 18 Nearly 1,000 women and children (TANJUG says 65% are Serbs) allowed to leave Sara. for Belgrade; 24 killed in Bosnia, 12 of these in Sara.; British transport plane reports that unidentified radar locked onto it while leaving Sara. airport, but plane arrives safely in Zagreb; Britain says it will send 1,800 troops to help escort aid in Bosnia, but British official says Britain wants to stay out of con- flict; UN reports that 250,000 Bosnian Muslims are facing a campaign of terror and hunger that will only get worse as winter comes on Aug. 19 Head of UN forces in Sara., Gen. Satish Nambiar, says he does not have enough troops to monitor latest accord; also says that airport will reopen; Germany's For. Min., Klaus Kinkel, demands that Serb leaders be tried for genocide charges under a 1948 UN convention; Bosnian For. Min. Silajdzic accuses the intl. commun- ity of ignoring atrocities against his people that it knew about (comments come while at the US State Dept. where atroci- ties had been known of, but ignored) Aug. 20 Mortar attacks hit main Sara. hospital and parl. building, setting the latter on fire; Ukrainian members of UN peace- keeping force killed by sniper fire; Sara. airport reopened when same British Hercules transport that was fired upon earlier in week comes back in; 41 killed, 202 wounded throughout Bosnia in 24-hour period (11 and 55 in Sara.); Yugo. relief convoys sent into Bosnia to bolster Bel- grade govts. image Aug. 21 Mortar attack on Sara. main boulevard kills 6; Bosnian Min. of Health says that 34 were killed, 207 wounded across the re- public in 24-hour period; Former Polish PM, Taduesz Mazowiecki, ar- rives in Zag. to head up UN commission in- vestigating concentration camps Aug. 22 30 killed in street fighting and shelling in Sara. by midday; airport closed for half-hour due to mortar fire; 2 British, 2 French soldiers wounded by shrapnel Aug. 24 After being barred from Serbian detention camps, UN envoy Tadeusz Mazowiecki accuses Serbs of cover-up; Sara. airport reopened after being closed all weekend; mortar attacks on Sara. leave at least 6 dead, 18 wounded Aug. 25 NATO fails to come up with plan for pro- viding military support for relief ship- ments; Lord Carrington resigns as head of EC peace conference on Yugo.; Pres. palace and military headquarters in Sara. hit by shells; 93 reported killed in Monday's fighting (republic-wide) Aug. 26 Peace conference begins in London; US State Dept. official in charge of Yugo. affairs, George D. Kenney, resigns to pro- test 'ineffective' and 'counterproductive' policy; Serbs continue heavy shelling of Sara. Aug. 27 Serbs agree in London to lift siege of Sara. and other cities, but Karadzic tells journalists that his forces were not be- sieging Sara. so the agreements do not apply to him; Milosevic quarrels with Panic in front of entire conference Aug. 28 Serbs conduct intensive overnight shell- ing of Sara. in violation of accords; 19 killed, 145 wounded in Sara.; Karadzic says shelling is a result of Muslim pro- vocation Aug. 29 Serbs say they are lifting siege of Gorazde; Karadzic gives order to stand down and says 1,000 troops are with- drawing; SE Bosnia Serbs issue order banning the return of Croats and Muslims to their area Aug. 31 Nationalists attempt vote of no-confi- dence against Panic's govt.; Mazowiecki report to UN calls for intl. commission to investigate war crimes; 2nd attack in month on a funeral in Sara. cemetary kills 1; 23 killed, 259 wounded in 24-hour per- iod ending Monday morning; Muslims an- nounce they have recaptured 80% of Gorazde as Serbs withdraw Sept. 1 US senators urge Bush admin. to break dip- lomatic ties with Serbia Sept. 2 Serbs allow some UN supervision of their weapons at 11 sites around capital; Milo- sevic's Socialist Party announces it is withdrawing support for the no-confidence vote in Panic's govt.; Muslim forces at- tacking Serbian towns and forces as they pull back from Gorazde Sept. 3 Italian relief plan crashes outside of Sara. killing 4 on board, and causing UN officials to suspend other flights Sept. 4 Italian officials say relief plane was shot down by missile; UN troops find bodies of crew; US Sec. of Def. Cheney says 'we're not eager to put US military forces on the ground in Yugo. to end that conflict'; Panic survives no-confidence vote by So- cialist Party and Serbian Radical Party by vote of 66-30 Sept. 6 Croats break with Muslim forces when Cro- atian headquarters in Mostar demands that Bosnian govt. withdraw from 6 suburbs a- round Sara. Sept. 7 More shelling in Sara.; 26 killed, 182 wounded in 24-hour period ending on noon Monday (13 and 77 in Sara.) Sept. 8 2 French officers of UN peacekeeping force killed by machine-gun fire, 3 others wounded; water supplies to Sara. still cut off Sept. 9 UN commander in Sara. accuses Bosnian forces of attacking French troops and killing 2; Health Min. says 29 killed, 181 wounded in previous 24 hours; Acting US Sec. of State Lawrence Eagle- burger says US not ready to use force, blames pressures for involvement on newspaper columnists and Washington in- siders; US claims Iran flying supplies (4,000 machine guns, 1 million rounds of ammunition) into Bosnian forces Sept. 10 Yugo. For. Min., Vladislav Jovanovic, re- signs and accuses Panic of pursuing poli- cies harmful to Serbia; UN Sec. Gen. Boutros-Ghali calls for up to 7,500 UN troops in Bosnia; NATO says it will send AWACS planes to monitor air activity; Fighting near airport results in some successes for Bosnian troops in suburb of Nedzarici; overnight shelling of Dobrinja Sept. 11 Bosnian Health Min. says death toll tops 10,000; Lord Owen and Cyrus Vance meet in Belgrade with Serbian leaders; US State Dept. spokesperson, Richard Boucher, says US 'condemns in the strongest terms' Bosnian Serb practice of 'shadowing' UN relief flights (being protected against radar detection); both Panic and Karadzic say they will try to end the practice Sept. 14 UN Sec. Council approves use of force by UN troops to defend themselves, and Boutros-Ghali's recommendation for up to 6,000 more troops to come from Canada, France, Britain and other west European countries (countries will pay for costs themselves instead of UN); 'no-fly zone' not agreed upon as Britain, France, and US can't agree on how to enforce it; Serbs use guns monitored by UN to shell Sara. Sept. 15 More fighting in Sara. with more use of UN-monitored Serb artillery; Muslim-held town of Sokolac (near Bihac) said to have 'practically destroyed' in Serb air raid; Izetbegovic agrees to attend peace talks Sept. 16 Italian investigators conclude plane shot down on Sept. 3 was hit by heat-seeking missile Sept. 18 Heavy fighting continues in Sara. with at least 30 Bosnian troops killed repulsing Serbian attacks on suburb of Stup; Bosnian govt. says 34 killed, 290 wounded (25 and 185 in Sara.) in 24 hour period; BH govt. says it has reports of 200 bodies in Drina River floating towards Gorazde (many ci- vilians with throats cut); Karadzic, in Geneva, says Serbs will stop fighting with Croats in BH, but offers no deal for Mus- lims Sept. 19 UN Sec. Council votes to prevent Yugo. from taking seat in Gen. Assembly (Muslim delegations had threatened to walk out of GA opening); measure toned down due to in- sistence of Russia and China, Yugo. will be allowed to reapply by Dec. at end of current GA session; 3 factions agree to permit resumption of aid flights into Sara. Sept. 21 Geneva talks end with no progress; shell- ing of Sara. continues; TANJUG claims that Serbs halt Bosnian govt. attack on Mt. Zuc (N of Sara.), and repulse Croat-Muslim at- tack on Doboj (N BH); Govt. commander in Sara. says his troops beat back tank as- sault by Serbs Sept. 22 Yugo. expelled from UN General Assembly by vote of 127-6 (26 abstentions) despite last minute pleas to Assembly by Panic Sept. 23 Karadzic claims UN expulsion will have no effect since 'Yugo. has nothing to do with that war' Sept. 24 UN armored personnel carrier hit by bazooka shell wounding 7; fighting across Bosnia Sept. 26 US State Dept. confirms massacre of 3,000 Muslims and Croats by Serbs in Bosnian town of Brcko during May; up to 50 killed at a time and bodies cremated, some tor- tured beforehand; Lord Owen and Cyrus Vance say they have gathered evidence of Muslims being forced from their homes and then shelled by Serbs; Bosnian Health Min. says 54 killed, 285 wounded (21 and 104 in Sara.) in last 24 hours; jets attack factory in Croat-held Vitez (40 miles NW of Sara.); TANJUG claims Croatian troops killed Serb civi- lians in attack on Milici (35 miles NE of Sara.) Sept. 27 Izetbegovic, in Pakistan, appeals for aid from world's Muslims; Serb shelling of Sara. overnight; Serb media says Muslims massacre hundreds during fighting in NE Sept. 28 Yugo. military says it will relinquish Prevlaka peninsula near Dubrovnik, Lord Owen says; Yugo. Pres. Dobrica Cosic, and Franjo Tudjman agree to meet in Geneva Sept. 30 Cosic and Tudjman agree to withdraw Yugo. army from Prevlaka by Oct. 20, and to work toward mutual recognition; US Senate adopts amendment to foreign aid bill which calls on UN to exempt Bosnia from arms embargo (House unlikely to agree); State Dept. will consider request by Panic to ease sanctions by allowing for importation of Chinese heating oil Oct. 1 US Sec. of State Lawrence Eagleburger says US airlift to resume; split in admin. over 'no-fly zone' which Pres. Bush will have to resolve; agrees with CIA assessment that 150,000 could die in Bosnia over winter due to cold conditions; Bosnia says death toll now 14,000, with 57,000 missing Oct. 2 Bush calls on UN to create 'no-fly zone' over Bosnia which includes shoot-down of Serb planes in violation (previously opposed by Defense Dept.); Approximately 1,561 Bosnian prisoners (mainly Muslims) exchanged with Serbs, and brought to Karlovac, Croatia; pri- soners give accounts of massacres at Kereterm concentration camp in late July where hundreds were gassed by Serbs Oct. 3 First American aid arrives in Sara. in month; Bosnian Serb commander of air force, Maj. Gen. Zivomir Ninkovic, says no-fly zone would be capitulation for Serbs; Serb planes bomb Tesanj and Zenica (NW of Sara.) Oct. 6 UN Sec. Council adopts resolution es- tablishing war-crimes commission on a- trocities in Yugoslavia (15-0 vote); Serbs capture town of Bosanski Brod from Muslims/BH forces creating key link with Krajina region Oct. 7 Thousands fleeing across Sava River into Croatia from fighting around Bosanski Brod; heavy infantry fighting in Novo Sarajevo and Hrasno area of suburb; ar- tillery and mortar fire in center of ara.; Croatian Defense Council for N Bosnia says 8,000 Serbs killed in fighting, 60 tanks destroyed, and 21 lanes shot down; over 10,000 said to have fled to Slavonski Brod across river from Bosanski Brod; Serbs drop cluster and napalm bombs on N Bosnian towns of Maglaj, Tesanj and Teslic, killing at least 12 in Maglaj; NATO Sec. Gen. Manfred Woerner says that if UN says military action warranted, then NATO would no doubt follow suit; Iranian leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, says West should allow Iran to send 'Mus- lim youth and our combatant forces to put the Serbs in their place' Oct. 8 Serb artillery pounds N Bosnian towns of Gradacac and Maglaj Oct. 9 Serbs conduct eight air raids on Gradacac Croatian radio reports; Jajce also attacked even as UN votes to impose 'no- fly zone' over Bosnia; more ethnic purges by Serbs around Banja Luka as 6,500 Croats and Muslims held in new camps; UN troops escort utility repair crews to help restore power in Sara. Oct. 10 Serb planes continue to bomb Gradacac and Brcko; Karadzic denies Serb planes involved; Ukrainina member of UN peace- keeping force killed (17 total dead, 243 wounded); heavy fighting in and around Sara., and in Sava River border region Oct. 11 Red Cross plans to evacuate 3,000 women and children from Sara.; Bosnian military says it will not attend peace talks since power and water have not been restored in Sara. Oct. 13 Serbian police fight with Albanians in Pristina; Panic appeals for calm and says he will travel there; UN official calls Sara. situation 'des- perate'; fighting continues in suburb of Stup; Bosnian Serb air force commander says he will defy 'no-fly zone' ban Oct. 16 Bosnian forces blockade UN relief supply route claiming Serbs trying to advance under UN cover; Yugo. pres. Cosic urges Milosevic to re- sign during parl. session Oct. 19 Serb police, in dispute with Panic, take control of Interior Ministry building in Belgrade; Milosevic govt. announces it will hold early elections as demanded by opposition, but no election date set Oct. 20 Fed. Interior Minister, Pavle Bulatovic, moves offices into main fed. building; In Geneva, Tudjman and Cosic urge warring factions to work for new accord and const. Oct. 21 NATO def. ministers offer to step up peacekeeping efforts in Balkans; Croats and Muslims clash NW of Sara.; 22 Croats reported killed; UN temporarily halts flights into Sara. due to fighting Oct. 22 Croats said to be blockading aid convoys to Muslims in Bosnia Oct. 23 Amnesty International says rights abuses commited by both Serbs and Muslims; ac- counts the massacre of at least 83 Muslims by Serbs in village of Zaklopaca (45 miles NW of Sara.) on May 16 Oct. 24 Bosnia reports Croatian attacks on town of Prozor (30 miles W of Sara.), and Serb at- tacks on Brcko and Jajce; Serb forces pushing on Gradacac; Cosic announces that fed. elections will be held Dec. 20 in Serbia and Monte. Oct. 25 Fighting between Serbs and Croats enters fifth day on 42-mile front around Trebinje (Serb stronghold in E Bosnia); Karadzic threatens to launch planes against Croats Oct. 26 Bosnians remain trapped in refugee camps in Karlovac, Croatia due to unwillingness of western nations to admit them; US says it will admit 1,000 of estimated 10,000 Oct. 27 Croatian leader on Bosnian pres., Miro Lasic, elected this past week, says Croats plan to lay claim to 30 of BH's 109 local districts; says he might become pres. of BH, and that he takes orders directly from Tudjman Oct. 28 Two-day fighting in Jajce leaves city in flames Oct. 29 Panic, Cyrus Vance, and Lord Owen make quick tour of Kosovo; Jajce falls to Serbs, much of population flees; Bosnian govt officials accuse Croats of cutting supply lines; fighting continues around Gradacac, Tuzla, Doboj, and Maglac Oct. 31 Former defenders, residents of Jajce (es- timated at 20,000) pour into Travnik after 3-day, 25-mile journey; Serbs bombard Sara. at rate of 1 shell per second Nov. 1 Bosnian govt. officials refuse clothing brought by UNICEF Nov. 2 Citizen's Chamber of Fed. Parl. in Bel- grade votes to oust Panic, 93-24; vote to go to Chamber of Republics Nov. 3 Over 3,000 shells fall on Gradacac Nov. 4 Refugees from Jajce turned away at Croa- tian border despite pleas from UN offi- cials; heavy fighting around Olovo (25 miles NE of Sara.), Maglaj, and Tuzla Nov. 6 Bosnian military officials cancel evacua- tion of 6,000 due to concerns of losing able-bodied fighters (18-60 year-olds); relief convoy carrying 240 tons of food for Bratunac (Serbian town) and Srebre- nica (Muslim town, 50 miles NE of Sara.) forced to turn back to Belgrade; violations of UN 'no-fly zone' reported Nov. 8 Relief flights into Sara. halted; city is without water and electricity for 3rd day; Red Cross official appeals to UN for es- corts for 6,000 to leave Sara.; 10-truck aid convoy for Sara. stopped near Mostar; Danish UN peacekeepers Nov. 9 Karadzic proposes recognition of Bosnia's external borders with simultaneous recog- nition of Serb's internal boundaries; Bos- nian govt. rejects the plan immediately; Izetbegovic signs order that allows all boys under 18, or men older than 60 to leave Sara.; TANJUG reports that Croat and Muslim forces cut Serb supply line to Banja Luka; fighting in Mostar renewed Nov. 10 Cease fire declared as 2,000 refugees al- lowed to leave Sara.; convoys halted by Serb forces Nov. 11 16th cease-fire holding in Sara. Nov. 12 Cosic warns UN Sec. Gen. Boutros-Ghali that unless regular Croatian forces with- draw from contested areas in Eastern Bos- nia, the fed. army may have to intervene Nov. 13 Serb forces violate cease-fire and attack Maglaj while British observers watch; US ambassador to the UN, Edward Perkins ac- cuses Greek, Italian, and Egyptian compan- ies of illicit arms shipments to the for- mer republics of Yugo. Nov. 16 UN Security Council votes (13-0-2) to impose naval blockade on Yugo., but does not specify who will carry it out Nov. 18 NATO agrees to stop-and-search enforcement of naval embargo; enforcement to be carried out with Western European Union Nov. 19 First snowfall on Sara. as 8-day old truce violated in north and east (Gradacac, Maglaj, Tensaj, and Teslic) Nov. 20 WEU def. mins. give their forces the right to fire warning shots at vessels that fail to heed the naval embargo; French troops guarding aid convoy in NW Bosnia forced to return fire when attacked near Muslim city of Bosanska Krupa Nov. 21 Serbs launch artillery attack against refugee-filled Travnik, killing 4, wounding 5; Croats and Muslims said to have sent additional 6,000 troops to de- fend city which is a major link to Sara.; Serbs attacking suburb of Turbe, consider- ed to defense of Travnik; Izetbegovic says Serbs now using ground-to-ground missiles supplied by Yugo. army, to get around UN ban on warplanes (Serb Gen. Mladic ad- mits to having them and willingness to use them) Nov. 22 Cease-fire fails with heavy shelling of Sara.; Bosnians claim Serbs deploying Scud missiles, but Serbs deny this Nov. 23 UN says it will send armored convoys to ensure delivery of relief supplies to Gorazde and Srebrenica after Serb mili- tias repeatedly turn them back; UN offi- cial says UN has assumed responsibility to keep victims of war alive and it will do it; shelling of Sara. airport forces cancellation of last two relief flights of the day Nov. 25 French relief plane hit by small arms fire on approach to Sara. airport; Serb forces block UN relief convoy in violation of agreement reached between UN and Karadzic Nov. 26 Serbs continue to block relief convoy to Srebrenica; Serb and Croat generals meet at Sara. airport with UN commander to dis- cuss cease-fire Nov. 27 UN convoy leaves Ljubovija, but is blocked by Serb women and children at Skelani Nov. 28 UN finally manages to get 137 tons of food and aid to Srebrenica (first aid to reach town since spring where 80,000 refugees are concentrated); fighting around Travnik and Turbe; UN says a cease-fire scheduled for midnight between Croats and Serbs in BH; NATO ships divert Maltese ship as part of embargo; UN officials go to Macedonia to study feasibility of sending peace- keepers Nov. 29 Fighting endangers Serb-Croat truce Nov. 30 UN human rights special investigator, Taduesz Mazowiecki, presents findings to UN Human Rights Commission blaming 'massive and systematic' rights abuses on policy of ethnic cleansing; Bosnian govt. raises death toll figure by 20%; artillery duels between Serbs and Muslims around Sara. airport; Boutros- Ghali says Serbs in so-called Republic of Krajina region of Croatia are block- ing UN peace-keeping plan Dec. 1 Panic says he will run against Milosevic for presidency on Dec. 20; UN suspends airlift to Sara. for two days after US plane hit by small arms fire; UN Human Rights Commission meeting in Geneva condemns Serbs as main perpetrators of atrocities in war; only Yugo. votes a- gainst the resolution Dec. 3 Plane carrying UN commander in Bosnia, French Gen. Philippe Morillon, hit by machine-gun fire; chief UN Gen. Satish Nambiar, continues suspension of relief flights as a result; Islamic foreign ministers meeting in Saudi Arabia urge UN to allow arms de- liveries to Bosnia, and give tacit appro- val to Islamic states to do so if UN does not agree Dec. 4 Serbs overrun part of Sara. suburb of Otes prompting Bosnian commander to request UN help to prevent massacre of civilians; Serbs are said to be using 40 tanks, ar- mored personnel carriers and self- propelled guns; govt. forces manage to open corridor to Otes to evacuate citizens Dec. 5 Serbs overrun Otes after govt. forces run out of armor-piercing shells; attack on suburb has been longest since seige of Sara. began (Serbs now control line through western part of Sara.); fighting in Gradacac, Modrica, and Doboj; UN aid convoys still manage to get into Sara. with 220 tons of food despite artillery shelling Dec. 6 Fierce fighting between Serbs and Muslims as Serbs press to cut off airport road; Mayor of Serb-held Vlasenica slips through lines to Zagreb and tells of 70 people having starved to death in region con- trolled by Serbs; govt. forces reportedly make some gains against Serbs in Zuc moun- tain area north of Sara.; nurse killed in Serb shelling of Kosevo hospital in Sara. Dec. 7 Serb shelling of Sara. prompts UN to sus- pend aid flights; sole bakery shut down for lack of fuel; shelling by Serbs of Gradacac's historic castle; Serbs said to be retreating in Zavidovici Dec. 8 Serbs seal off all escape routes out of Sara. and fire on UN observers who appeal to them for a cease-fire; Bosnian Serb news agency SRNA says Serbs will facil- tate evacuations; Serb forces said to be trying to starve Sara. into submission Dec. 9 Serb shelling of old city kills 5 in bread line; Karadzic says Serbs do not want to take complete control of the city Dec. 10 Sara. bakery producing only 25,000 loaves of bread a day since UN suspension of hu- manitarian aid flights; Dutch Prime Minister, Ruud Lubbers, says 'its scan- dalous that there's intervention in So- malia, but not in Yugo.' and says Bos- nia will be high on list of items at up- coming EC meeting Dec. 11 President-elect Clinton says he is in favor of enforcing no-fly zone Dec. 12 Acting Sec. of State Eagleburger says US now considering changing UN-sponsored em- bargo of arms so that Bosnia may obtain weapons, and that intl. community must consider the use of force to ensure the delivery of food Dec. 13 Bosnian Muslim, Serb, and Croatian com- manders renew cease-fire pledge to allow for movement of civilians out of Sara.; Serb shelling of Travnik in third day Dec. 14 In effort to keep NATO forces from inter- vening, Karadzic, in Belgrade, says Bos- nian Serb parl. will meet to declare war over in BH, and try to end hostilities be- fore end of year; also accuses US, Russia, and EC of 'nailing Serbs to the cross' by singling them out as responsible for war; US Sec. of State Eagleburger, in Sweden for CSCE meeting, urges Europeans to hold 'perpetrators of crimes against humanity' responsible by trying them as war crimi- nals'; French For. Min., Roland Dumas, tells Eagleburger that France is now in favor of enforcing no-fly zone; Eagle- burger and Russian For. Min., Andrei Kozyrev issue statement that encourages Serbians to oust Milosevic in upcoming elections Dec. 15 Boutros-Ghali reportedly asks NATO to draw up plans for enforcing no fly zone; CSCE meeting in Sweden asks UN Sec. Coun- cil to enforce the zone and to lift arms sanctions against Bosnia; Bosnian Serb second-in-command, Gen. Milan Gvero, says intervention would be suicide Dec. 16 US Sec. of State Eagleburger names 7 Serbs and Croats as responsible for war crimes and says Milosevic, Karadzic and Gen. Mladic could be held responsible for fail- ing to prevent atrocities; Cyrus Vance says 'the overall level of violence has been reduced'; 1,001 prisoners released from Serb-run detention camp of Manjaca and allowed to go to Croatia (supposedly last Muslim and Croat inmates) Dec. 17 US gets NATO allies to agree to enforce- ment of 'no-fly zone', but British say only that it will be enforced ' . 20 Serbs vote for pres.; Montenegrins vote in own election but run-off necessary (Jan. 10, '93) between current Pres. Momir Bulatovic (43%) and Branko Kostic (24%) former Yugo. Pres. and supreme commander of armed forces when civil war breaks out in June '91; Bulatovic's Democratic Party of Socialists win parl. elections Dec. 21 Panic accuses Milosevic of fraud and calls for new elections; ind. observers (includ- ing CSCE) agree, but say it is too early to tell if the voting met 'minimum accept- able standards'; by nighttime, Milosevic leads 56-33; Planes land with supplies in Sara. for first time in 3 weeks; city without heat, electricity, or running water, and low on food; 2 children die from hunger Dec. 22 Serbian Election Commission certifies vote giving Milosevic 55% to Panic's 36%; Serb- ian Radical Party leader, Vojislav Seselj, whose followers are accused of some of the worst atrocities in BH wins more than 20% of vote for parl. (33 of 138 seats) Dec. 23 Opposition says true election figures give Milosevic 49.2% and Panic 43.2% which would force a run-off (50% needed); NATO gives UN plans on how it would en- force 'no-fly zone'; Yugo. Army Chief of Staff, Gen. Zivota Panic, says forces on alert Dec. 24 Election commission spokesman says 'not a single republican organ did anything wrong'; Seselj calls for uniting Yugo. w/ Serb-held areas of Croatia and BH, and for prosecuting Panic with embezzling state funds and inviting outside interference in Yugo. affairs Dec. 25 Quiet in Sara., but UN commander Gen. Philipe Morillon says his home shelled by mortar from Bosnian govt. side for second day Dec. 26 Panic send congratulations to Milosevic on re-election but says he still opposes his policies Dec. 27 Pres. Bush warns Serbs in letter to Milo- Sevic that the US 'will be prepared to employ military force against the Serbs in Kosovo and in Serbia proper' if con- flict spreads to Kosovo; Associated Press reports that Panic close to resigning; Vance meets with Russian For. Min. An- drei Kozyrev in Geneva; Kozyrev says he and Yeltsin are under pressure to support the Serbs as fellow Slavs; Greece says it will try to stop UN Sec. Council from recognizing Macedonia Dec. 28 UN sends 33 military observers to Mace- donia as first part of 800-man force to be deployed along the border with Kosovo (first UN effort at preventative action); 19 humanitarian flights land at Sara. air- port while 4 land convoys arrive; Bosnian Health Min. reports 33 killed in BH, 17 of them in Sara. Dec. 29 Panic ousted as premier in parl. as ex- tremists are joined by Montenegrins in both houses (upper: 95-2, 12 abstaining; lower: 30-5, 1 abstaining); Thousands of govt. troops being massed around Sara. to try to break the seige Dec. 30 Gen. Panic warns that western military intervention would only cause the war to spread; Lord Owen presents plan on decen- tralizing BH to Karadzic, who rejects it by saying, 'Why did we have a war if Bos- nia should stay unified?'; Boutros-Ghali sends letter to Sec. Council expressing 'grave concern over the growing momentum for military action in the area' Dec. 31 Boutros-Ghali goes to Sara. to appeal for more time for peace talks, but is booed by residents for comments such as: 'you have a situation here that is better than in 10 other places in the world'