CONTENTS Preface COLONIAL PERIOD: TO 1700 2 Native American Culture and Traditions 5 The Europeans Arrive 8 New World Cultures 11 New World Literatures Native American Oral Literatures 19 Native American Oral Narrative 22 Talk Concerning the First Beginning (Zuni) 36 Changing Woman and the Hero Twins after the Emergence of the People (Navajo) 49 Wohpe and the Gift of the Pipe (Lakota) 51 We Origin of Stories (Seneca) 54 iroquois or Confederacy of the Five Nations (lroquois) 57 Iktomi and the Dancing Ducks (Christine Dunham, Oglala Sioux) 59 leaven and Marriage (Tlingit) 64 The Bungling Host (Hitchiti) 65 Creation of the Whites (Yuchi) 66 Native American Oral Poetry 69 Zuni Poetry 69 Sayatasha's Night Chant 89 Aztec Poetry 89 The Singer's Art 90 Two Songs 91 Like Flowers Continually Perishing (Ayocuan) 92 Inuit Poetry 92 Song (Copper Eskimo) 93 Moved (Uvavnuk, Iglulik Eskimo) 93 Improvised Greeting (Takomaq, Iglulik Eskimo) 94 Widow's Song (Quernertoq, Copper Eskimo) 95 My Breath (Orpingnlik, Netsilik Eskimo)