In semantics, dictionaries often distinguish between core senses and extended senses of words; but the sense of any word tends to "extend" itself.
spleen
fr. Fr. esplen Lat. splen Gk. F B 8 Z < an organ of the body--seen as the seat of various emotions: mirth, merriment, violent ill-nature, or of melancholy. Also became associated with capricious change of mood.
Change (here, in meaning) is related to variability at a given moment. Change is the diachronic form of synchronic variability.
Change in language is related to poetic usage of words--inventiveness, metaphor, metonymy, figurative language generally.
drive
originally meant to drive animals and has been opened up into many other metaphoric directions.damp
originally had a sense of noxiousness. Now has acquired a neutral sense of "moist," though we stilll speak of "dampening" spirits.interest
orig. "inter/esse" "to be between" later, to be interested is to have a stake in something, but now to find slightly intriguing or piquant --"disinterested" means "bored" but used to mean a party who had no stake in an issue.
purse
originally Gk. & b D F " "oxhide" so the sense was transferred from the material of the object to the object itself. [Metonymy]its first uses in English mean the item itself--the literal leather bag
the extended sense first of all becomes the contents of the purse, so that "purse" comes to mean money or sums of money. [Metonymy]
there are also Metaphoric senses: scrotum, a fragment of live coal, a seam of ore
shore
means both the division between land and sea and something that props something else up; this seems to be the same word, and to come into English late (early 1600s) with both senses intact.mouth
is difficult to define literally in terms of other English words; it also has an enormous number of figurative meanings: as a verb: "to mouth words," "to kiss" "train a horse," "estimate a sheep's age"; also nominal meanings in fields like beekeeping, volcanology, carpentry, music, malacology, &c. &c. "the King's mouth"= i.e. "the king's mess? provisions"; "silly person"; spokesperson; expression; "loud person"drizzle
has a special sense of "picking out embroidery" (OED2)Pistol
comes from Czech; the word originally meant "fife"--so it is metaphoric in origin. At first literal only in English, then comes to have metaphoric extensions: 2 competing senses were those of a "swaggerer" or "card"--also a later sense of someone "reliable" or "strong." "Pistol Pete Maravich" conveys a sense of accuracy--I speculate that metaphor here follows the literal use of the object. In the 1500s pistols tended to blow up in your hand. Toward the 1800s and 1900s, when the meaning "reliable" is attested, pistols had become much more reliable.