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Dear Class: This is a list of the larger concepts and the vocabulary words that explain the materials in the text. Your test will come from this list. I have not had time to list the court cases. Please add them to this study outline. When you do so, you will have all the emphasis materials that you need to do well in the exam. As you look over this list, you will also note that everything has been gone over in class several times and should be familiar to you all. Good luck, I am sure you will all do well… Dr. J.
Chapter 9 Outline: Seriousness of the Offense and Waiver Decision Making Types of Waivers Waiver and Reverse Waiver Hearings Implications of Waiver Hearings for Juveniles Defense and Prosecutorial Considerations Relating to Waivers Blended Sentencing Statues Key terms: Demand Waiver – Discretionary waivers – Judicial waivers Acceptance of responsibility Blended sentencing Capital punishment Certification Concurrent jurisdiction Contempt of court Criminal –exclusive blend Criminal –inclusive blend Death penalty Demand waiver Direct file Discretionary waiver Judicial waivers Juvenile-contiguous blend Juvenile court records Juvenile-exclusive blend Juvenile-inclusive blend Legislative waiver Life-without-parole Mandatory waiver Nolle prosequi Once an adult/always an adult provision Placed Placement Presumptive waiver Reverse waiver Reverse waiver hearings, reverse waiver actions Statutory exclusion Sustained petitions Transfer hearings Transfers Waiver Waiver hearing Waiver motion Questions for Review1. How does offense serious impact the use of waivers in the juvenile justice system? 2. Why should status offenders be separated from delinquent offenders in juvenile justice system processing? 3. What is meant by the use of contempt power of juvenile court judges? In what ways does the use of contempt power by juvenile court judges influence status offenders? 4. What are transfers, waivers, and certifications? What are their intended objectives? What is the rationale for using transfers? 5. What are some of the ideal characteristics of youths targeted for transfers to criminal courts? What are the actual characteristics of youths who are transferred to criminal courts? 6. What are three types of judicial waivers? What are some major differences between them? 7. What are some contrasts between direct file, legislative waivers, and demand waivers? 8. Under what circumstances are juveniles entitled to hearings on waiver actions? 9. What are some positive and negative implications for juveniles if they have their cases heard in juveniles courts? What are some positive and negative implications for juveniles if they have their cases heard in criminal court? 10. What are five different kinds of blended sentencing statutes? What are some positive benefits of blended sentencing statues for serious and violent juvenile offenders?
Chapter 10Outline: The Nature of the Offense First Offender or Repeat Offender Aggravating and Mitigating Circumstances Juvenile Risk Assessments and Predictions of Dangerousness Predisposition Reports Key terms: Actuarial prediction Anamnestic prediction Classification Clinical prediction Dangerousness False negatives False positives First offender Flat time Needs assessment Overrides Prediction Predictors of dangerousness and risk Predisposition reports Presentence investigation reports Repeat offender Risk Risk/needs assessment instruments Selective incapacitation Victim-impact statement Violent juvenile offender programs Questions for Review1. What are some qualitative differences between first offenders and repeat offenders? How does being a first offender or a repeat offender make a difference in how one’s dangerousness or risk is assessed? 2. What are four different kinds of aggravating circumstances? How does each function to intensify one’s punishment? 3. What are four mitigating circumstances? How do judges use these mitigating circumstances to lesson one’s punishment? 4. What are some major differences between risk instruments and needs assessments? 5. What is meant by selective incapacitation? How is it used? What are false positives and false negatives? How do such designations occur? 6. What are three types of prediction? Which ones are most effective and why? 7. What is a predisposition report? Who prepares this report? How are such reports used for determining a juvenile’s disposition? 8. What is a victim-impact statement? How is it used to modify the severity of one’s disposition? 9. What are Violent Juvenile Offender Programs? What are their functions? 10. What are some moral and ethical questions which have been raised about selective incapacitation? Is selective incapacitation successful? Why or Why not?
Chapter 11Outline: Nominal Dispositions Defined Diversion Diversion Programs for Juveniles Implications of Diversion Programs for Juveniles Teen Courts Day Reporting Centers Alternative Dispute Resolution Key terms: Alternative dispute resolution Citizen action model Community board program Community organization model Community services program Cooperating agencies model Day reporting centers Diversion Diversion plus program Mediation Mediator Peer court Pins diversion program See our side program Street outreach model Systems modification model Teen courts Youth service bureaus Youth services/diversions program Questions for Review
Chapter 12Outline:Standard Probation for Juveniles The Successfulness of Standard Juvenile Probation Intermediate Punishments for Juvenile Offenders Juvenile Intensive Supervised Probation Case Supervision Planning Community-Based Alternative Electronic Monitoring Home Confinement or House Arrest Key terms: American correctional association Balanced approach Boston offender project Caseloads Case supervision planning Community corrections acts Community service Conditional probation Conventional model Conventional model with geographic considerations Creative sentencing Electronic monitoring Electronic monitoring signaling devices Fines Home confinement Home incarceration House arrest Intensive aftercare program Intensive supervised probation Juvenile intensive supervised probation Juvenile probation camps Questions for Review1. What is meant by standard probation? What are some characteristics of it? 2. What was the Youth-to-Victim Restitution Project? What types of clients did it serve? 3. What is a juvenile probation camp? What is meant by intensive aftercare? 4. What is meant by intermediate punishment? How do intermediate punishments differ from standard punishment? 5. What are some goals of intermediate punishments? What are some of the criteria for placement in intensive supervised probation programs? 6. What is the Ohio experience? What are some of its prominent characteristics? 7. What is meant by case supervision planning? 8. What is meant by the balanced approach? Is it successful in dealing with delinquent offenders? Why or Why not? 9. What are home confinement and electronic monitoring? Who are the juvenile clients who are disposed to electronic monitoring and/or home confinement? What are the goals and functions of these respective programs? 10. What is victim-offender mediation? Under what conditions is it used? How successful is victim-offender mediation in resolving disputes between juvenile perpetrators and their victims? Chapter 13Outline: Goals for Juvenile Corrections Current Juvenile Custodial Alternatives Non-secure Confinement Secure Confinement: Variations Persistent Problems of Non-secure and Secure Confinement Juvenile Parole Recidivism and Parole Revocation Examples of Probation and Parole Revocation for Juveniles Selected Issues in Juvenile Corrections Key terms: About face Army model Boot camps Combination sentences Detention centers Detention hearing Foster homes Group homes Halfway houses Homeward bound Impact (intensive motivational program of alternative correctional treatment) Intermittent sentences Jail as a condition of probation Juvenile offender laws Long-term detention Minimum due process rights Mixed sentences Parole revocation Parole revocation hearing Parolees Privatization Probation revocation hearing Project outward bound Regimented inmate discipline program Scared straight Shock incarceration Shock parole Shock probation Short-term confinement Split sentences Wilderness experiments Questions for Review 1. What are the goals of juvenile corrections? How do these goals differ from one another? 2. What are foster homes? How do they differ from group homes? 3. What are halfway houses? What are their functions and goals? 4. What are wilderness experiences and what are their functions? 5. What is meant by shock probation? What are several different types of shock probation? What are some major differences between each? 6. What is a boot-camp? What are some specific goals and features of boot camps? Are they effective? Why or why not? 7. What are some major differences between short- and long-term secure juvenile facilities? 8. What is meant by juvenile parole? How much juvenile parole is there? Is juvenile parole successful? Why or why not? 9. What are three key adult probation and parole revocation cases that have guided state juvenile probation and parole revocation decision making? 10. What are three examples of probation and parole revocation cases for juveniles?
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