(*********************************************************************** Mathematica-Compatible Notebook This notebook can be used on any computer system with Mathematica 4.0, MathReader 4.0, or any compatible application. The data for the notebook starts with the line containing stars above. To get the notebook into a Mathematica-compatible application, do one of the following: * Save the data starting with the line of stars above into a file with a name ending in .nb, then open the file inside the application; * Copy the data starting with the line of stars above to the clipboard, then use the Paste menu command inside the application. Data for notebooks contains only printable 7-bit ASCII and can be sent directly in email or through ftp in text mode. Newlines can be CR, LF or CRLF (Unix, Macintosh or MS-DOS style). 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For more information on notebooks and Mathematica-compatible applications, contact Wolfram Research: web: http://www.wolfram.com email: info@wolfram.com phone: +1-217-398-0700 (U.S.) Notebook reader applications are available free of charge from Wolfram Research. ***********************************************************************) (*CacheID: 232*) (*NotebookFileLineBreakTest NotebookFileLineBreakTest*) (*NotebookOptionsPosition[ 23439, 821]*) (*NotebookOutlinePosition[ 24173, 847]*) (* CellTagsIndexPosition[ 24129, 843]*) (*WindowFrame->Normal*) Notebook[{ Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[" Limits and Differentiation", "Subtitle", TextAlignment->Left, TextJustification->0], Cell[TextData[{ StyleBox[" Mathematica", FontSlant->"Italic"], " " }], "Subtitle", TextAlignment->Left, TextJustification->0], Cell["\<\ Dr. Andrzej Korzeniowski Department of Mathematics, UTA\ \>", "Subsubtitle"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Lesson 2", "Subtitle"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell["Functions and Limits", "Section"], Cell["\<\ Before defining new functions (or re-using previously used names of \ variables) one needs to clear them.\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(Clear[f, g]\)], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(f[x_] = x\^4\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(x\^4\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(f[3]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(81\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(f[x] /. \(\(x\)\(->\)\(3\)\(\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)\( (*\ substitute\ 3\ for\ x\ and\ evaluate\ *) \)\)\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(81\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(g[h_] = \(f[x + h] - f[x]\)\/h\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(\(-x\^4\) + \((h + x)\)\^4\)\/h\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(r[h_] = Expand[\(-x\^4\) + \((h + x)\)\^4]/h // Simplify\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(h\^3 + 4\ h\^2\ x + 6\ h\ x\^2 + 4\ x\^3\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Limit[r[h], h -> 0]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(4\ x\^3\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell["\<\ To evaluate f [x] starting at x = a, ending at x = b with increment dx, use \ Table[{x, f [x]},{x, a, b, dx}] // TableForm.\ \>", "Text"], Cell[BoxData[ \(f[x_] := Sin[x]\/x\)], "Input"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(\(\(Table[{x, f[x]}, {x, .5, .05, \(- .05\)}]\)\(//\)\(TableForm\)\(\n\)\)\)], \ "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ TagBox[GridBox[{ {"0.5`", "0.958851077208406`"}, {"0.45`", "0.9665900758027339`"}, {"0.4`", "0.9735458557716263`"}, {"0.35`", "0.9797080213012895`"}, {"0.3`", "0.9850673555377986`"}, {"0.25`", "0.9896158370180917`"}, {"0.19999999999999996`", "0.993346653975306`"}, {"0.14999999999999997`", "0.9962542164906615`"}, {"0.09999999999999998`", "0.9983341664682814`"}, {"0.05`", "0.9995833854135666`"} }, RowSpacings->1, ColumnSpacings->3, RowAlignments->Baseline, ColumnAlignments->{Left}], (TableForm[ #]&)]], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[TextData[{ "Below are the one-sided limits of the function ", Cell[BoxData[ \(TraditionalForm\`\(\(|\)\(\ \)\(x - 2\)\(|\)\)\/\(x - 2\)\)]], " at point x = 2" }], "Text"], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(\(\(\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \)\(Limit[Abs[x - 2]\/\(x - 2\), x \[Rule] 2, Direction -> 1]\)\(\ \)\( (*Left\ Lim\ = \ toward\ 1\ from\ 0\ *) \)\)\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{10, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(\(-1\)\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(\(\(\ \ \ \ \ \)\(Limit[Abs[x - 2]\/\(x - 2\), x \[Rule] 2, Direction -> \(-1\)]\)\( (*Right\ Lim\ = \ toward\ - 1\ from\ 0\ *) \)\)\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{9, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ \(1\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Limit[\(1 + x\)\/x\^2, x -> \[Infinity]]\)], "Input"], Cell[BoxData[ \(0\)], "Output"] }, Open ]], Cell[CellGroupData[{ Cell[BoxData[ \(Limit[1/x, x -> 0, Direction -> 1]\)], "Input", CellMargins->{{23, Inherited}, {Inherited, Inherited}}], Cell[BoxData[ 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