Dr. Philip T. Krein received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering and the A.B. degree in economics and business from Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the University of Illinois, Urbana.  He was an engineer with Tektronix in Beaverton, Oregon, then returned to the University of Illinois.  At present, he holds the Grainger Endowed Director’s Chair in Electric Machinery and Electromechanics as Professor and Director of the Grainger Center for Electric Machinery and Electromechanics.  His research interests address all aspects of power electronics, machines, drives, and electrical energy, with emphasis on nonlinear control approaches.  For 1992 to 2000, he was faculty advisor for student electric and hybrid vehicle team projects.  In 2001, he helped initiate the International Future Energy Challenge, a major student competition involving fuel cell power conversion and energy efficiency. He holds eleven U.S. patents with additional patents pending.

              Dr. Krein is a registered professional engineer in Illinois and in Oregon.  He is a Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and in 2003 received the IEEE William E. Newell Award in Power Electronics.  He is a past President of the IEEE Power Electronics Society and a past member of the IEEE Board of Directors.  He is Chairman of the Board of SmartSpark Energy Systems, a high-technology start-up firm focused on electronic circuits and systems for electrical energy processing, including battery management.

Battery Management for Maximum Performance in Plug-In Electric and Hybrid Vehicles

 

Battery energy and power density are limiting factors in the design of electric and hybrid vehicle systems, particularly in the context of wide-range cycling needed for plug-in systems.  Many commercial hybrid designs are controlled around specific operating conditions for long battery life.  In this paper, battery management aspects for long operating life are discussed.  Electrical considerations in valve-regulated lead-acid batteries, nickel-metal-hydride batteries, and lithium-ion batteries are described.  Emphasis is provided on charge balancing requirements, state-of-charge operating ranges, and compensation techniques.  The role of ultracapacitors for power buffering is addressed briefly.  It is shown that certain types of lithium-ion cells offer considerable promise because of their high input-output energy efficiency and possibility of relatively wide operating range.  Charge balancing is known to be a vital aspect, and balancing requirements are quantified for sample systems.

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