ORDER GYMNOPIONA-CAECILIANS

FAMILY CAECILIIDAE


Genus Dermophis Peters, 1880

Dermophis Peters, 1880 [dated 1879], Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1879:924­943[930]. Type-species: Siphonops mexicanus Duméril and Bibron (1841), by subsequent designation of Noble (1924:305).

CONTENT: Four species.

Dermophis mexicana (Duméril and Bibron, 1841)
Siphonops mexicanus Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén. 8:284. Holotype: MNHNP 4275, according to Guibé (1950). Type-locality: "Mexique".
Amphisbaena versatilis Johnston in Gray, 1850, Cat. Spec. Amph. Coll. Brit. Mus., Batrach. Grad., 60. [Nomen nudum. MS name presented as a junior synonym of Siphonops mexicanus.]
Dermophis mexicanus-Peters, 1880 [dated 1879], Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1879:924­943[937).
Dermophis mexicanus-Günther, 1901, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[305].
Gymnopis gracilior Günther, 1902, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[306]. Holotype: BM 1901.12.19.137. Type-locality: Chiriquí, Panama.
Gymnophis clarkii Barbour, 1926, Occas. Pap. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 5:191. Holotype: MCZ 11047. Type-locality: Tela, Honduras.
Dermophis mexicanus gracilior-Dunn, 1928, Proc. New England Zool. Club 10:71­76[73].
Dermophis mexicanus clarki-Barbour and Loveridge, 1929, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 59:72.
Gymnopis mexicanus mexicanus-Dunn, 1942, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 91:473.
Dermophis mexicanus mexicanus-Smith and Taylor, 1948, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 194:4.
Dermophis costaricense Taylor, 1955, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 37:506. Holotype: KU 36343. Type-locality: "Chinchona, Heredia Province, Costa Rica".
Gymnopis mexicana mexicana-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1 150[16].
Dermophis eburatus Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World, p. 473. Holotype: UMMZ 65674. Type-locality: Nicaragua.
Dermophis septentrionalis Taylor, 1968, Caecilians of the World, 513. Holotype: ZMH 2. Type locality: Not given, but presumably Guatemala, according to Dunn (1942). [See comment in Taylor, 1968:513.]
Dermophis mexicanus eburatus-Taylor, 1973, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 50:227.

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic versant and coastal lowlands from central Veracruz and Oaxaca (Mexico) to western Panama; on the Pacific from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec (Mexico) to western Panama. In Guatemala the species is known from the lower Río Motagua Valley and it occurs locally on the Atlantic versant of Honduras. This species inhabits lowland forests at elevations ranging from about sea level to a little over1500 m. Escuintlan, Fuegan, and Petén Areas (map).

CONTENT: Three species.

Gymnopis syntremus (Cope, 1866)
Siphonops syntremus Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18:123­132[129]. Holotype: See Remarks below. Type-locality: "the neighboring region of Honduras"; the northern coast of Honduras, according to Taylor (1968); see Remarks below.
Siponops oligozona Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 17:91. Holotype: USNM 25187. Type locality: Unknown, possibly Chiapas or Tehuantepec, Mexico, according to Taylor (1968).
?Gymnopis oligozona-Peters, 1879, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1879:924­943[939].
?Typhlonectes syntremus-Peters, 1879, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1879:924­943[941].
Dermophis syntremus-Cope, 1885, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 22:167­194[171].
Gymnophis oligozona-Cope, 1885, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 22:167­194[171].
Minascaecilia sartoria Wake and Campbell, 1983, Copeia 1983:858. Holotype: KU 189566. Type-locality: "Aldea Vista Hermosa, Municipio Los Amates, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala, 650 m".
Gymnopis syntremus-Nussbaum, 1988, Copeia, 1988:921­928[922].

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs in the mountains of eastern and northern Guatemala and the Maya Mountains of Belize. In Guatemala known from humid Caribbean forests of the mountains of Alta Verapaz, the Sierra de las Minas, the Sierra de Santa Cruz, and the Sierra de Merendón. Stafford (1994) reported this species for Belize. In Guatemala the range of this species probably includes much of the foothills of the northern Alta Verapaz highlands and the Montañas del Mico; it has been found near the border of Honduras and it probably occurs in this country also. The elevational range is from 650 to 900. Quecchian, Mayan, Minan, and Merendón Areas (map).

Genus Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854

Bolitoglossa Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gén. 9:88. [In part.] Type-species: Bolitoglossa mexicana Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril (1854), by subsequent designation of Taylor (1944: 218).
Oedipus Tschudi, 1838, Classif. Batr., 100 pp.[58]. Type-species: Salamandra platydactylus Gray (1831), by monotypy. [Preoccupied by Oedipus Berthold, 1827, Orthoptera).
Eladinea Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, Campo, Rio de Janeiro 8:42. Type-species: Eladinea estheri Miranda-Ribeiro (1937), by monotypy.
Magnadigita Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218]. [In part.] Type-species: Bolitoglossa nigroflavescens Taylor (1941), by original designation.
Palmatotriton Smith, 1945, Ward's Nat. Sci. Bull. 19:3­7[4]. Type-species: Oedipus rufescens Cope (1869), by monotypy.

CONTENT: About 75 species.

Bolitoglossa cuchumatana (Stuart, 1943)
Oedipus cuchumatanus Stuart, 1943, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 56:1­33[14, pl. 1, fig. 2]. Holotype: UMMZ 89110. Type-locality: "Oak forest about 2 kilometers north of Nebaj, El Quiché, Guatemala."
Magnadigita cuchumatana-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita cuchumatana-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[20].
Bolitoglossa cuchumatana-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The northwestern highlands of Guatemala in the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes. This species occurs in cloud forest and pine-oak forest and is known from the departments of Quiché and Huehuetenango at elevations of 1200­2500 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa dofleini (Werner, 1903)
Spelerpes mulleri-Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent.3:97­122[116] [in part].
Spelerpes dofleini Werner, 1903, Abh. Bayer. Akad. Wiss. Math. Physik. Kl. 22:343­384[352]. Holotype: Zoologische Sammlung des Bayerischen Staates (apparently destroyed during World War II). Type-locality: Guatemala, possibly Alta Verapaz according to Stuart (1943:17).
Oedipus dofleini-Stuart, 1943, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 56:1­33[17].
Bolitoglossa dofflini [sic]-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[219].
Bolitoglossa dofleini-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[17].

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic versant of Guatemala, Cayo District in Belize, and a few mountain ranges in northwestern Honduras. In Guatemala, the species is known from the Atlantic slopes of Alta Verapaz, the Montañas del Mico, and the Sierra de Merendón. The elevational distribution is from sea-level to 1300 m. Petén, Quecchian, Mican, Mayan, and Merendón Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa dunni (Schmidt, 1933)
Oedipus dunni Schmidt, 1933, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:15­22[16]. Holotype: FMNH 4550. Type-locality: "mountains west of San Pedro [Sula], Honduras. Altitude 4500 feet."
Magnadigita dunni-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Bolitoglossa dunni-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of eastern Guatemala, northwestern El Salvador, and western Honduras. In Guatemala, the species occurs in cloud forest and is known from the Sierra de Merendón. Merendón and Jalapan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa engelhardti (Schmidt, 1936)
Oedipus engelhardti Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[156, fig. 18]. Holotype: FMNH 21605. Type-locality: "Volcán Atitlán, 7,000 feet above Olas de Moca, Sololá, Guatemala" [see Remarks].
Magnadigita englehardti [sic]-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita engelhardti-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[20].
Bolitoglossa engelhardti-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific versant from the Departamento of San Marcos. Guatemala, eastward into western El Salvador. The elevational distribution is from about 1,500 to 2,000 m.
The report of this species from 2,134 m (Schmidt, 1936) appears to be a little high and may be in error, because, as pointed out by Stuart (1963), this species was restricted in the same paper to elevations below 6500 feet (Schmidt, 1936:fig. 15). Fuegan and Jalapan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa flavimembris (Schmidt, 1936)
Oedipus flavimembris Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[158, fig. 17]. Holotype: FMNH 20381. Type-locality: "Volcán Tajumulco, at 7200 feet, on the trail above El Porvenir, San Marcos, Guatemala."
Magnadigita flavimembris-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita flavimembris-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[20].
Bolitoglossa flavimembris-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific versant of southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) eastward to southwestern Guatemala. In Guatemala, the species is known from the Volcán Tacaná, Volcán Tajumulco, Volcán Atitlán, and Volcán Sant María. It occurs in cloud forest at elevations of 1800 to 2400 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa flaviventris (Schmidt, 1936)
Spelerpes attitlanensis [sic] Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122[115, pl. 19, figs. 3-4]. Syntypes (2): MNHN 6398-99. Type-locality: near Volcán Atitlán, Guatemala. [This name was placed in the synonymy of Bolitoglossa salvinii by Stuart (1963); Brame in Frost (1985) has suggested that it is the oldest name for Bolitoglossa flaviventris.]
Oedipus flaviventris Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[148]. Holotype: USNM 46922. Type-locality: "Chicharras, Chiapas," Mexico.
Bolitoglossa flaviventris-Frost, 1985. Amph. Species World, p. 576.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific highlands of southeastern Chiapas, Mexico, and southwestern Guatemala. It occurs at elevations of 10 to 500 m. Escuintlan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa franklini (Schmidt, 1936)
Oedipus franklini Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[159, fig. 19]. Holotype: FMNH 21061. Type-locality: "Volcán Tajumulco, at 5600 feet altitude, on the trail above El Porvenir, San Marcos, Guatemala."
Bolitoglossa nigroflavescens Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 27:141­167[150]. Holotype: USNM 111169. Type-locality: "Cerro Ovando, at an elevation between 5,000 to 6,000 feet," Chiapas, Mexico.
Magnadigita franklini-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita nigroflavescens-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita brevipes Bumzahem and Smith, 1955, Herpetologica 11:73­75[74]. Holotype: UIMNH 33694. Type-locality: "Región de Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico."
Magnadigita franklini-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[21].
Bolitoglossa nigroflavescens-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].
Bolitoglossa brevipes-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].
Bolitoglossa franklini-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific versant of southwestern and south-central Guatemala. This species ranges from the Departamento de San Marcos to the Departamento de Suchitepéquez (Volcán Atitlán). It occurs in cloud forest and the elevational distribution is from 1500 to 2600 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa hartwegi Wake and Brame, 1969
Bolitoglossa hartwegi Wake and Brame, 1969, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 175:1­40[10]. Holotype: UMMZ 121557. Type-locality: "4.5 mi. W San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico...at about 2134 m (7000 feet) elevation."

DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of east-central Chiapas, Mexico, and adjacent Guatemala. In Guatemala, this species occurs in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes and XXX. This species occurs in cloud forest and pine-oak forest at elevations of 1200­2865 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa helmrichi (Schmidt, 1936)
Spelerpes morio-1883, Brocchi, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [113] [in part?].
Oedipus helmrichi Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[152, fig. 18]. Holotype: fmnh 21063. Type-locality: "mountains above Finca Samac, west of Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at 5000 feet altitude."
Bolitoglossa helmrichi-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita helmrichi-Stuart, 1952, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65:1­12[5].
Magnadigita helmrichi-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[21].
Bolitoglossa helmrichi-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The north-central highlands of Guatemala. This species is known from several mountain ranges in Alta Verapaz and the Sierra de las Minas. It occurs in cloud forest and the elevational distribution is from about 1300 to 2290 m. Quecchian and Minan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa jacksoni Elias, 1984
Bolitoglossa jacksoni Elias, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 348:7. Holotype: MVZ 134634. Type-locality: "Las Nubes sector of Finca Chiblac, approximately 12 km km NNE of Santa Cruz Barillas, Depto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, at about 1,400 m elevation."

DISTRIBUTION: Northwestern Guatemala; known only from the vicinity of the type locality in the northwestern Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in the Departamento Huehuetenango. It is known from cloud forest at an elevation of about 1400 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa lincolni (Stuart, 1943)
Oedipus lincolni Stuart, 1943, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 56:1­33[9; pl. 1, fig. 1]. Holotype: UMMZ 89107. Type-locality: "monte at Salquil Grande, El Quiché, Guatemala. Altitude 2450 m."
Magnadigita lincolni-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita lincolni-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[21].
Bolitoglossa lincolni-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The Meseta Central of Chiapas, Mexico, and the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes of western Guatemala. It inhabits cloud forest at elevationals of about 2000 to 2900 m. Cuchumatan Area (map),

Bolitoglossa meliana Wake and Lynch, 1982
Bolitoglossa meliana Wake and Lynch, 1982, Herpetologica 38:258. Holotype: MVZ 160736. Type-locality: "vicinity of Santa Rosa Pass, 9 km NE Santa Cruz del Quiché, El Quiché, Guatemala (elevations 2520 m)."

DISTRIBUTION: The mountains of central Guatemala, including the Sierra de Chuacús and the Sierra de la Minas. This species occurs in pine-oak forest and cloud forest at elevations of 1550­2730 m. Chuacús and Minan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa mexicana Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854
Bolitoglossa mexicana Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gén. 9:93. (In part, according to Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1-150[18].) Syntypes: MNHNP 4747-2 individuals mentioned in addenda to original description. Type-locality: "province d'Oaxaca au Mexique" and "Vera Crux."
Salamandra togata Valenciennes in Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gén. 9:94. [Nomen nudum.]
Salamandra mexicana Cuvier in Duméril, Bibron, and Duméril, 1854, Erp. Gén. 9:94. [Nomen nudum.]
Spelerpes mexicana-Hallowell, 1856, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 8:11.
Spelerpes mexicanum-Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [113]. [In part.]
Geotriton mexicana-Garman, 1884, Bull. Essex Inst. 16:40.
Spelerpes mexicanus-Dugès, 1894, La Naturaleza (2)2:377.
Bolitoglossa mexicana-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[219].
Bolitoglossa moreleti Smith, 1945, Herpetologica 3:XXX[17]. Holotype: USNM 116079. Type locality: "from a bromeliad in the vicinity of Palenque, Chiapas," Mexico.
Bolitoglossa moreleti-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[17].

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic foothills and lowlands from southern Veracruz (Mexico) to northwestern Honduras, exclusive of all but the southernmost portion of the Yucatán Peninsula. This species inhabits [forest] at elevations ranging from about sea level to a little over 1500 m.
In Guatemala this species occurs throughout most of the northern foothills of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, the Alta Verapaz highlands, the Sierra de Santa Cruz, the northern slopes of the Sierra de las Minas, and the Montañas del Mico. It is also widely distributed in the southern Petén lowlands northward to a latitude about equal to Tikal. The elevation distrbution is from about 10 to 1700 m. Peten, Mayan, Cuchumatan Quecchian, Mican, and Merendón Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa morio (Cope, 1869)
Oedipus morio Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 21:77, 103. Holotype: USNM 6888, now lost according to Stuart, 1963. Type-locality: "Mountains of Guatemala."
Geotriton morio-Smith, 1877, Tailed Amph., 158 pp.[74].
Spelerpes bocourti Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122[111; pl. 18, fig. 2]. Holotype: MNHN [type not definitely identifiable according to Stuart, 1963]. Type locality "heights of Tonicapam [sic = Totonicapán], Guatemala."
Spelerpes morio-Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Coll. Brit. Mus., 503 pp.[70].
Magnadigita morio-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita omniumsanctorum Stuart, 1952, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65:1­12[4]. Holotype: UMMZ 102285. Type-locality: Todos Santos, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, 2500 m.
Magnadigita morio-Stuart, 1952, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65:1­12[5].
Magnadigita omniumsanctorum-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[22].
Magnadigita morio-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[21].
Bolitoglossa omniumsanctorum-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].
Bolitoglossa morio-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The highlands of southwestern and southeastern Guatemala, including the Pacific versant. This species is known from the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes, much of the plateau region of Guatemala, several of the Pacific volcanoes, and the Las Nubes highland block east of Guatemala City. Its elevational distribution is from about 1300 to 3000 m. Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, Fuegan, and Jalapan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa mulleri (Brocchi, 1883)
Spelerpes mulleri Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [116, pl. 20, figs. 3-5]. Syntypes (4): MNHN 6395-4 individuals. Type-locality: from several localities in "haute Alta Vera Paz," Guatemala. Restricted to "les montagnes qui dominent Coban" by Stuart (1943:12).
Spelerpes copei Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [113]. [Nomen nudum.]
Oedipus mulleri-Stuart, 1943, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 56:1­33[12].
Bolitoglossa mulleri-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[219].
Oedipus mexicanus mulleri-Stuart, 1948, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 69:1­109[19].
Bolitoglossa mülleri-Guibé, 1950 [dated 1948], Cat. Types Amph. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., 71 pp.[10].
Bolitoglossa moreleti muelleri-Duellman, 1963, Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 15:205­249[220].
Bolitoglossa mulleri-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[18].

DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of the Atlantic slopes of eastern Chiapas (Mexico) and northern Guatemala. In Guatemala, this species occurs in the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes, Alta Verapaz highlands, and the Sierra de Santa Cruz. It inhabits cloud forest at elevationals from about 140 to 1500 m. Cuchumatan and Quecchian Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa occidentalis Taylor, 1941
Bolitoglossa occidentalis Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 27:141­167[145, fig. 1c, pl. 9, figs. 1-4]. Holotype: USNM 111085. Type-locality: "La Esperanza [near Escuintla], Chiapas, Mexico, elevation 500 feet."
Bolitoglossa occidentalis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[18].
Bolitoglossa bilineata Lynch and Smith, 1966, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 69:58­75[59]. Holotype: UIMNH 56162. Type-locality: Sierra Madre north of Zanatepec, Oaxaca, Mexico. [Secondary homonym of Bolitoglossa bilineata Duméeril, Bibron, and Duméril (1854) = Eurycea bislineata bislineata.]

DISTRIBUTION: Along the Pacific versant from southeastern Oaxaca (Mexico) to south-central Guatemala; possibly southwestern Honduras from the Department of Coneayagua. Its inhabits elevationals from about 10 to 1600 m. Escuintlan and Fuegan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa odonnelli (Stuart, 1943)
Oedipus odonelli Stuart, 1943, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 56:1­33[10; pl. 2, fig. 3]. Holotype: UMMZ 89096. Type-locality: "Cafetal just east of the hacienda at Finca Volcán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala. Altitude 1200 meters."
Oedipus mexicanus odonnelli-Stuart, 1948, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 69:1­109[19].
Bolitoglossa mexicana odonnelli-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].
Bolitoglossa odonnelli-Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:1­19[XX].

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic slopes of Alta Verapaz to the Montañas del Mico. This sepcies inhabits rainforest and cloud forest at elevations of 100­1000 m. Quecchian, Minan, and Mican Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa resplendens McCoy and Walker, 1966
Bolitoglossa resplendens McCoy and Walker, 1966, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 649: 1. Holotype: UCM 25520. Type-locality: Southwest slope of Cerro Hueytepec, seven miles west of San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of central Chiapas, Mexico, and southwestern Guatemala (Departamento de San Marcos). Cuchumatan and Chimaltenangan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa rostrata (Brocchi, 1883)
Spelerpes rostratus Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [112]. Holotype: MNHN [type not definitely identifiable, according to Stuart, 1963]. Type-locality: "les hauteurs de Totonicapam [sic = Totonicapán] (Guatemala occidental)."
?Spelerpes bocourti Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [111]. Holotype: MNHNP ?. Type-locality: Tonicapam [= Totonicapán], Guatemala. It is not certain whether this name represents a synonym of Bolitoglossa morio (Cope, 1869) or B. rostrata (Brocchi, 1883).
Oedipus rostratum-Dunn, 1924, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 12:99.
Oedipus rostratus-Dunn, 1926, Salamand. Fam. Plethodontidae, p.384.
Magnadigita rostrata-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[218].
Magnadigita rostrata-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[22].
Bolitoglossa rostrata-Wake and Brame, 1963, Copeia 1963:382­387[386].

DISTRIBUTION: The Guatemalan Plateau and the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of Guatemala. It also occurs on some of the higher volcanos. Its elevational distribution is from about 2700 to 3480 m. Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, and Fuegan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa rufescens (Cope, 1869)
Oedipus rufescens Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 21:104. Holotype: USNM 6886, now lost. Type-locality: "Orizaba," [=Orizaba], Veracruz, Mexico.
Spelerpes (Oedipus) rufescens-Peters, 1873, Monatsber. Preuss. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1873:XXX[617].
Geotriton rufescens-Smith, 1877, Tailed Amph., 158 pp.[76].
Spelerpes rufescens-Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Coll. Brit. Mus., 503 pp.[71].
Oedipus rufescens-Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae, p. 418.
Bolitoglossa rufescens-Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 27:147.
Palmatotriton rufescens-Smith, 1945, Ward's Nat. Sci. Bull. 19:4.

Bolitoglossa rufescens-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[18].
DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic slopes from east-central Mexico (San Luis Potosí) through Guatemala and Belize to northern Honduras. It ranges from 10 to 1500 m. Petén, Mayan, Quecchian, Minan, Mican, Cuchumatan Areas (map).

Bolitoglossa salvinii (Gray, 1868)
Oedipus salvinii Gray, 1868, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 2:297. Holotype: BMNH 1946.9.6.26 (formerly 1865.6.10.19h). Type-locality: Guatemala, Pacific Coast.
Spelerpes salvinii-Müller, 1878, Verh. Naturforsch. Ges. Basel 6:579.
Oedipus carbonarius salvinii-Cope, 1879, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 18:267.
Oedipus variegatus salvinii-Cope, 1887, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 32:8.
Spelerpes variegatus, Günther, 1902, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[302, pl. 75, fig. B].
Oedipus salvinii-Dunn, 1926, Salamanders Fam. Plethodontidae, p. 405.
Bolitoglossa salvinii-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[219].
Bolitoglossa salvini-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1-150[19].

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant of southern Guatemala and El Salvador. Its elevational distribution is from about 600 to 1250 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa stuarti Wake and Brame, 1969
Bolitoglossa stuarti Wake and Brame, 1969, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 175:1­40[22]. Holotype: UMMZ 123203. Type-locality: "7.8 mi (by road) SE of Ciudad Cuauhtémoc (El Ocotal), Chiapas, Mexico, in [Departamento de] Huehuetenango, Guatemala, at about 950 m (3120 feet) elevation."

DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Chiapas, Mexico, and western Guatemala at elevations of 900­1000 m. Grijalvan Area (map).

Bolitoglossa yucatana (Peters, 1882)
Spelerpes (Oedipus) yucatanus Peters, 1882, Sitzungsber. Ges. Naturforsch. Freunde Berlin 1882:137. Holotype: ZMB 10221, according to Bauer et al. (1993). Type-locality: Yucatán, Mexico.
Spelerpes yucatanicus Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Grad. Coll. Brit. Mus., 503 pp.[72]. Holotype: BM 1946.9.6.25 (formerly 1880.7.13.4). Type-locality: Yucatan (Mexico).
Spelerpes punctatum Brocchi, 1883, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 3:97­122 [115]. Holotype: MNHNP 6392, according to Guibé (1950). Type-locality: Mexico.
Spelerpes yucatanus-Boulenger, 1883, Zool. Rec. 1883:72.
Oedipus jucatanicus-Cope, 1883, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 32:8. [Typographical error.]
Oedipus yucatanicus-Dunn, 1918, Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. 62:471.
Oedipus yucatanus-Dunn, 1924, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 12:99.
Bolitoglossa yucatana-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[219].

DISTRIBUTION: This species is known from the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico and northern Belize; its presence in the Petén of Guatemala is expected by not confirmed. It occurs at elevation of less than 300 m. Petén Area (map).

Genus Bradytriton Wake and Elias, 1983

Bradytriton Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:3. Type species: Bradytriton silus Wake and Elias, 1983, by original designation.

CONTENT: A single species.

Bradytriton silus Wake and Elias, 1983
Bradytriton silus Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Los Angeles Co. 345:4. Holotype: MVZ 131587. Type-locality: "Finca Chiblac, 15 km NE Barillas, Depto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, elevation 1310 m (4300 ft)."

DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Chiapas, Mexico, and the adjacent northwestern slopes of the Sierra de los Cuchumatantes in Guatemala; also known from the western portion of the Sierra de las Minas in central Guatemala. This species inhabits cloud forest at elevations of 1310­1370 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Cryptotriton monzoni (Campbell and Smith, 1998)
Nototriton monzoni Campbell and Smith, 1998, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas 6:6. Holotype: UTA A-50003. Type-locality: "Cerro del Mono, near La Unión, Zacapa, Guatemala, 1570 m.
Cryptotriton monzoni-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[58].

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type-locality in eastern Guatemala. Merendón faunal area (map). Jalapan Area (map).

Cryptotriton veraepacis (Lynch and Wake, 1978)
Chiropterotriton veraepacis Lynch and Wake, 1978, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 294:2. Holotype: MVZ 112499. Type-locality: 4.2 km (by road) S Purulhá, Baja Berapaz, Guatemala; at an elevation between 1740 and 1780 meters.
Nototriton veraepacis-Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:12.
Cryptotriton veraepacis-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[58].

DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Central Guatemala; known from cloud forest of the Sierra de las Minas at elevations of 1610­2290 m. Minan Area (map).

Cryptotriton wakei (Campbell and Smith, 1998)
Nototriton wakei Campbell and Smith, 1998, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas 6:6. Holotype: UTA A-50002. Type-locality: "west slope of Cerro Pozo de Agua, Sierra de Caral, Municipio de Morales, Izabal, Guatemala, 1150 m elevation."
Cryptotriton wakei-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[58].

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type-locality at about XXX m in eastern Guatemala. Merendón Area (map).

Genus Dendrotriton Wake and Elias, 1983

Chiropterotriton Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:XXX[213]. [In part.] Type-species: Oedipus multidentatus Taylor (1939), by original designation.
Dendrotriton Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:XXX[11]. Type-species: Oedipus bromeliacia Schmidt (1936), by original desingation.

CONTENT:

Dendrotriton bromeliacius (Schmidt, 1936)
Oedipus bromeliacia Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[161, fig. 18]. Holotype: FMNH 21062. Type-locality: "Volcán Tajumulco, at 8,000 feet altitude, on the trail above El Porvenir, San Marcos, Guatemala."
Chiropterotriton bromeliacea [sic]-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[216].
Chiropterotriton bromeliacia-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[19].
Dendrotriton bromeliacius-Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:XXX[XX]

DISTRIBUTION: Southwestern Guatemala; known only from the south slope of Volcán Tajumulco and adjacent volcanic highlands in San Marcos, Guatemala. It occurs at elevations of 1700 to 2700 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Dendrotriton cuchumatanus (Lynch and Wake, 1975)
Chiropterotriton cuchumatanus Lynch and Wake, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus Los Angeles Co. 265:XXX[6]. Holotype: MVZ 113002. Type-locality: "forest along highway 9N, 8.5 km (by road) SW San Juan Ixcoy, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, at about 2860 m elev."
Dendrotriton cuchumatanus-Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:XXX[XX].

DISTRIBUTION: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Guatemala, at an elevation of 2860 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Dendrotriton rabbi (Lynch and Wake, 1975)
Chiropterotriton rabbi Lynch and Wake, 1975, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 265:2. Holotype: MVZ 103839. Type-locality: "9.5 km W 8.5 km S (airline) La Democracia, Huehuetenangol, Guatemala,...between 2100 and 2500 meters."
Dendrotriton rabbi-Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:XXX[XX].

DISTRIBUTION: The Montañas de Cuilco and the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of western Guatemala at elevations of 2100 to 2700 m. Cuchumatan and Cuilcan Areas (map).

Genus Nototriton Wake and Elias, 1983

Chiropterotriton Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[213]. [In part.] Type species: Oedipus multidentatus Taylor (1939), by original designation.
Nototriton Wake and Elias, 1983, Contrib. Sci. Nat. Hist. Mus. Los Angeles Co. 345:XXX[11]. Type-species: Spelerpes picadoi Stejneger (1911), by original designation.

CONTENT: About 12 species.

Nototriton brodiei Campbell and Smith, 1998
Nototriton brodiei Campbell and Smith, 1998, Sci. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Univ. Kansas 6:3. Holotype: UTA A-50000. Type-locality: "west slope of Cerro Pozo de Agua, Sierra de Caral, Municipio de Morales, Izabal, Guatemala, 1125 m elevation."

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type-locality in eastern Guatemala at XXX m. Merendón Area (map).

Nototriton stuarti Wake and Campbell, 2000
Nototriton stuarti Wake and Campbell, 2000, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 113:815­819[817]. Holotype: UTA A-33686. Type-locality: "11.6 km (road) WSW Puerto Santo Tomás, Montañas del Mico, Depto. Izabal, Guatemala, 88š40"W, 15š38'N, 744 m elev."

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type-locality in the Motañas del Mico at an elevation of 744 m. Mican Area (map).

Genus Nyctanolis Elias and Wake, 1983

Nyctanolis Elias and Wake in Rhodin and Miyata (eds.), 1983, Adv. Herpetol. Evol. Biol., XXX pp.[2]. Type-species: Nyctanolis pernix Elias and Wake (1983), by original designation.

CONTENT: A single species.

Nyctanolis pernix Elias and Wake, 1983
Nyctanolis pernix Elias and Wake in Rhodin and Miyata (eds.), 1983, Adv. Herpetol. Evol. Biol., XXX pp.[2]. Holotype: MVZ 134641. Type-locality: "Finca Chiblac, 10 km (air) NE Barillas, Huehuetenango, Guatemala, (91š 16' W, 15š 53' N), 1370 m (4500 ft) elevation."

DISTRIBUTION: Eastern Chiapas, Mexico; northwestern Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, highlands of Alta Verapaz, and western Sierra de las Minas of Guatemala at an elevation of 1370­1610 m. Cuchumatan, Quecchian, and Minan Areas (map).

Genus Oedipina Keferstein, 1868

Oedipina Keferstein, 1868, Nachr. Konig. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen 1868:299; pl. 9, figs. 8­9. Type species: Oedipina uniformis Keferstein, 1868, by monotypy.
Ophiobatrachus Gray, 1868, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (4)2:298. Type-species: Ophiobatrachus vermicularis Gray, 1868 [= Oedipina uniformis Keferstein, 1868], by monotypy.
Opheobatrachus-Cope, 1869, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 21:101. [Unjustified emendation.]
Haptoglossa Cope, 1893, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 1893:33. Type-species: Haptoglossa pressicauda Cope (1893), by monotypy.
Oedopina-Hilton, 1946, J. Ent. Zool., Pomona 38:6. [Misspelling.]
Oedopinola Hilton, 1946, J. Ent. Zool., Pomona 38:38]. Type-species: Oedipus complex Dunn (1924), by original designation.

CONTENT: About 22 species.

Oedipina elongata (Schmidt, 1936)
Oedipus elongatus Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[165]. Holotype: FMNH 20059. Type-locality: "[Las] Escobas, the site of the water supply for Puerto Barrios, Izabal, Guatemala."
Oedipina elongata-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[226].
Oedipina elongata-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[22].
Oedipina (Oedopinola) elongata-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[60].

DISTRIBUTION: Low Atlantic foothills from central Chiapas (Mexico) to Belize and the Departamento de Izabal in eastern Guatemala. In Guatemala this species is known from Alta Verapaz, the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas, the Montañas del Mico, and the Sierra de Merendón. Its elevational distribution is from about 10 to 770 m. Cuchumatan, Quecchian, Minan, Mican, and Merendón (map).

Oedipina ignea Stuart, 1952
Oedipina ignea Stuart, 1952, Proc. Biol Soc. Washington 65:1­12[1]. Holotype: USNM 127959. Type-locality: "along the Río Las Brisas just south of Yepocapa, Department of Chimaltenango, Guatemala. Elevation about 1450 m."
Oedipina taylori-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[22]. [In part; not of Stuart, 1952].
Oedipina (Oedipina) ignea-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[60].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific Versant of south-central and southeastern Guatemala. This species occurs in mesic broad-leaf forest and pine-oak forest at elevations of 1000­2000 m. Fuegan and Jalapan Areas (map).

Oedipina stenopodia Brodie and Campbell, 1993
Oedipina stenopodia Brodie and Campbell, 1993, Herpetologica 49:259­265[260]. Holotype: UTA A-24559. Type-locality: "south slope of Volcán Santa María, Finca El Faro, Deparatamento de Quezaltenango, Guatemala;...This locality is located between 1219 and 1432 m elevation at about 14š 43' N, 91š 34' W."
Oedipina (Oedipina) stenopodia-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[60].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific Versant of southwestern Guatemala in the Departments of San Marcos and Quezaltenango. This species occurs in cloud forest at elevations of 1400­1500 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Oedipina taylori Stuart, 1952
Oedipina taylori Stuart, 1952, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65:1­12[2]. Holotype: UMMZ 102281. Type-locality: "4 kilometers east of Hacienda La Trinidad (23 air line kilometers southeast of Chiquimula), Department of Jutiapa, Guatemala. Elevation, about 100 meters."
Oedipina salvadorensis Rand, 1952, Nat. Hist. Misc., Chicago 98:XXX[1]. Holotype: FMNH 65030. Type-locality: San Salvador, at 670 meters altitude, El Salvador.
Oedipina taylori-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[22].
Oedipina (Oedipina) taylori-París and Wake, 2000, Copeia 2000:42­70[60].

DISTRIBUTION: Southeastern Guatemala to central El Salvador; also the lower Motagua Valley in the vicinity of Doña María. This species occurs at elevations of 140­1050 m. Zacapan and Jalapan Areas (map).

Genus Pseudoeurycea Taylor, 1944

Pseudoeurycea Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[209]. Type-species: Spelerpes leprosus Cope (1869), by original designation.

CONTENT: About 28 species.

Psuedoeurycea brunnata Bumzahem and Smith, 1955
Pseudoeurycea brunnata Bumzahem and Smith, 1955, Herpetologica 1:73­75[73]. Holotype: UIMNH 33708. Type-locality: "Región de Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico."

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant of southwestern Guatemala and southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) at elevations of 2400­2800 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Pseudoeurycea exspectata Stuart, 1954
Pseudoeurycea exspectata Stuart, 1954, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 67:159­178[159]. Holotype: UMMZ 107999. Type-locality: "Broadleaf forest 3 km. W Aldea Miramundo (about 7 airline km. SE Jalapa), Jalapa, Guatemala; 2525 meters." [Miramundo was stated to be actually about 7 km southeast of Jalapa by Stuart, 1963].
Pseudoeurycea exspectata-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[23].

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the highlands to the southwest of Jalapa, Departamento de Jalapa, Guatemala. Stuart (1963) suggested that this species possibly occurs on "some of the isolated volcanic peaks of southeastern Guatemala." It is known from 2530 m. Jalapan Area (map).

Pseudoeurycea goebeli (Schmidt, 1936)
Oedipus goebeli Schmidt, 1936, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 20:135­166[163, fig. 17]. Holotype: FMNH 21064. Type-locality: "Volcán Tajumulco, at 8,000 feet altitude, on the trail above El Porvenir, San Marcos, Guatemala."
Pseudoeurycea goebeli-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[209].
Pseudoeurycea goebeli-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[23].

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant of southeastern Chiapas, Mexico and southwestern Guatemala; in Guatemala it occurs from Volcán Tajumulco to Volcán de Agua. Its elevational distribution is from about 2400 to 2800 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Pseudoeurycea rex (Dunn, 1921)
Oedipus rex Dunn, 1921, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 34:143. Holotype: FMNH 1814. Type locality: "Sierra Santa Elena (near Tecpam), Guatemala (alt. 9500 feet)."
Pseudoeurycea rex-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:189­232[209].
Pseudoeurycea rex-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[23].

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de los Cuchumatanes and the southwestern highlands of Guatemala, probably including the higher volcanoes. This species in known with certainty only from Volcán Tajumulco. Its elevational distribution is from about 2450 to above 4000 m. Chuacús, Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, Fuegan Areas (map).

CONTENT: A single species.

Rhinophrynus dorsalis Duméril and Bibron, 1841
Rhinophrynus dorsalis Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén. 8:758, Atlas, 1854: pl. 91, figs., 2-2a. Holotype: MNHN 743. Type-locality: Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: The Gulf coastal lowlands from extreme southern Texas (USA) through Mexico to the Petén region and Río Motagua Valley of Guatemala; in the Pacific lowlands from Guerrero (Mexico) to northwestern Costa Rica. Its elevation distribution is from about sea level to 300 m. Petén, Zacapan, Jalapan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus adamastus Campbell 1994
Eleutherodactylus admastus Campbell, 1994, Herpetologica 50:404. Holotype: KU 189797. Type-locality: northern slopes of the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas, Municipio Los Amates, 0.8 km W Aldea Vista Hermosa, 650 m.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the area near Aldea Vista Hermosa at an elevation of 600­650 m. Mican and Minan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus alfredi (Boulenger, 1898)
Hylodes alfredi Boulenger, 1898, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1898:480­481, pl. 39, fig. 1. Cotypes: BMNH 98.2.19.1 and 98.4.7.1. Type-locality: Atoyac, Veracruz, Mexico.
Eleuherodactylus alfredi-Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 160::94­95.

DISTRIBUTION: East-central Veracruz (Mexico) to extreme northwestern Guatemala, where it is known from near Piedras Negras, Petén, at elevations of less than 200 m. Petén Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus amniscola Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:30. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus amniscola Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:227. Holotype: UMMZ 225235. Type-locality: "Santa Ana Huista, 920 m, Huehuetenango, Guatemala."

DISTRIBUTION: The Middle and Upper Río Grijalva Basin in Chiapas (Mexico) and Guatemala at elevations of 600­1000 m. Grijalvan Area (Map.

Eleutherodactylus aphanus Campbell 1994
Eleutherodactylus aphanus Campbell, J. A. 1994. Herpetologica 50:297. Holotype: UTA A 33405. Type-locality: "12.0 km WSW Puerto Santo Tomás, 786 m, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala...This locality is located on the eastern slopes of the Montañas del Mico at about 15š41´ N, 88š41´ W."

DISTRIBUTION: The eastern slopes of the Montañas del Mico and the northern slopes of the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas in the Department of Izabal, Guatemala, at elevations of 591­786 m. Mican Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus bocourti (Brocchi, 1877)
Hylodes bocourti Brocchi, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philom., Ser. 7(1):122­123130. Syntypes (8): MNHN 6413-14; 6413 designated lectotype by Guibé, Cat. Types Amphib. Mus. Nat. Hist. Natur., ND:28. Type-locality: Mountains of Cobán, Guatemala.
Eleutherodactylus bocourti-Stuart, 1948, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 69:1­109[22].

DISTRIBUTION: Mountains of Alta Verapaz and the Sierra de las Minas of Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1300 to 1700 m. Quecchian and Minan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus brocchi (Boulenger, 1882)
Hylodes brocchi Boulenger in Brocchi, 1882, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 2:57­96[60, pl. 15, figs. 3-3a]. Holotype: MRHN 2616. Type-locality: "Guatemala."
Eleutherodactylus brocchi-Stuart, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54:200.

DISTRIBUTION: Northern foothills and highlands of Guatemala from the Sierra de las Minas and ranges of Alta Verapaz and Baja Verapaz westward through the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes to northwestern Huehuetenango and the Lagos de Montebello region of eastern Chiapas (Mexico). It occurs at elevation of 1200­2000 m. Quecchian, Minan, and Cuchumatan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus chac Savage, 1987
Eleutherodactylus chac Savage, 1987, Fieldiana: Zool., New Series 33:1­57[31]. Holotype: KU 186243. Type-locality: "12.6 km W Santo Tomás, Izabal, Guatemala, 774 m."

DISTRIBUTION: Rainforest areas of Belize, the northern foothills of Guatemala from Alta Verapaz to Izabal, and northern Honduras. It occurs from 30 to 780 m. Mican, Merendón, Petén, and Quecchian Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus charadra Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus chradra Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:247. Holotype: UTA A-33702. Type-locality: "Upper reaches of Quebrada San Antonio, SW side Cerro del Nylon, 1310 m, Sierra de Espíritu Santo, Municipio Los Amates, Izabal Guatemala."
Eleutherodactylus brocchi-Stuart, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54:200.

DISTRIBUTION: The highlands between the Río Motagua in Guatemala and the Río Chamelecón in Honduras. In Guatemala, portions of these mountains are referred to as the Sierra de Caral and Cerro del Nylon, both of which are in the Siera de Merendón or the Sierra de Espíritu Santo. The elevational range of this species is from 75 to 1310 m. Merendón Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus daryi Ford and Savage, 1884
Eleutherodactylus daryi, Ford and Savage, 1884, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 110:1. Holotype: KU 186202. Type-locality: "3.8 km (by road) SE Purulhá, Baja Verapaz, Guatemala, 1585 m."

DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest of the Sierra Xucaneb and Sierra de las Minas, central Guatemala. It has an elevational ranges of 1500­2290 m. Quecchian and Minan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus greggi Bumzahem, 1955
Eleutherodactylus greggi Bumzahem, 1955, Copeia 1955:118. Holotype: FMNH 20876. Type locality: Volcán Tajumulco, near San Marcos, Guatemala.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant of Chiapas (Mexico) and southwestern Guatemala at elevations of 2000 to 2700. Fuegan Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus inachus Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus inachus Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:232. Holotype: UTA A-33440. Type-locality: "Quebrada Los Chorros, 650 m, Aldea Santa Elena, near San Diego, Zacapa, Guatemala."

DISTRIBUTION: The Middle Motagua Valley and associated tributaries in east-central Guatemala, and the streams draining the slopes of the Salamá Basin in Baja Verapas at elevation of 500­1400 m. Zacapan and Salaman Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus laticeps (A. Duméril, 1853)
Hylodes laticeps A. Duméril, 1853, Ann. Sci. Nat., Paris (3)19:178. Holotype: MNHNP 509. Type-locality: Central America: Yucatán; almost certainly in error for "Guatemala: Alta Verapaz (near Cobán)," according to Savage (1987:23).
Eleutherodactylus stantoni Schmidt, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ., Zool. Ser. 22:483 Holotype: UMMZ 80673. Type-locality: Valentin, Cayo, Belize, 400­500 m.
Eleutherodactylus conspicuus Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 95:567, fig. 60A. Holotype: USNM 116509. Type-locality: Piedras Negras, Guatemala.
Eleutherodactylus werleri Lynch and Fritts, 1965, Trans. Illinois State Acad. Sci. 58:46. Holotype: UIMNH 42987. Type-locality: Volcán San Martín Pajapán, Veracruz, Mexico, 1219 m.
Eleutherodactylus conspicuus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:29.

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic versant from Chiapas (and perhaps Veracruz) through Belize and Guatemala to western and northern Honduras. It occurs at elevations of 50­1600 m. Petén, Quecchian, Mican, and Merendón Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus lineatus (Brocchi, 1879)
Hylodes lineatus Brocchi, 1879, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser 7(3):19­24[22]. Holotype: MNHNP 4885. Type-locality: "Attitlan (Mexique);" almost certainly in error for vicinity of Lago de Atitlán, Sololá, Guatemala, according to Stuart (1963:29). The ammended type-locality was suggested to be, in error, in the Department de Quezaltenango by Savage (1987:34).
Eleutherodactylus anzuetoi Stuart, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washinton 54:197. Holotype: UMMZ 89160. Type-locality: Two km. N Nebaj, El Quiché, Guatemala; about 1985 meters.
Eleutherodactylus macdougalli Taylor, 1942, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 28:71 Holotype: UIMNH 15907. Type-locality: 12.9 km SE of Chimalapa, La Gloria, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1372 m.
Eleutherodactylus lineatus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:29.

DISTRIBUTION: On both Atlantic and Pacific versants from Oaxaca and Chiapas (Mexico) to Guatemala at elevations of 900 to 2000 m. Cuchumatan, Quecchian, Minan, and Fuegan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus matudai Taylor
Eleutherodactylus matudai Taylor, 1941, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 27:154, pl. 11. [Specific name spelled "matudae" on plate and in several places in text.] Holotype: USNM 110626. Type-locality: "Mt. Ovando, Chiapas," Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant of eastern Chiapas (Mexico) and western Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1300 to 2290 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus palenque Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus rugulosus-Lynch, 1965, Herpetologica 21:108. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Savage, 1975, Copeia 1975:108. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus palenque Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:221. Holotype: KU 171219. Type-locality: "10.7 km SE Cristóbal Colón on road to Bonampak, ca. 350 m, Chiapas, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: The lower Caribbean slopes of northern Chiapas (Mexico) and the northwestern Guatemalan highlands at elevation of 300­350 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus psephosypharus Campbell, Savage, and Meyer, 1994
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1-150[30]. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus rugulosus-Duellman, 1963, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 15:223. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus species A-Campbell and Vannini, 1989, West. Found. Vert. Zool. 4:7.
Eleutherodactylus psephosypharus Campbell, Savage, and Meyer, 1994, Herpetologica 50:413. Holotype: UTA A-18194. Type-locality: "7.8 km WSW Puerto Santo Tomás, 375 m, northeastern slope Montañas del Mico, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala....This locality is located on the eastern slopes of the Montañas del Mico at about 15š41´ N, 88š40´ W. The town of Santo Tomás is called Puerto Santo Tomás de Castilla or Puerto Matías de Gálvez on some maps."

DISTRIBUTION: This species occurs in the Departamento de Izabal of Guatemala in the Montañas del Mico, the Sierra de las Minas, the Sierra de Santa Cruz, and the Sierra del Merendón, and from just north of the Sierra de Chinajá in the Departamento de Petén (near Alta Verapaz boundary). It is known from several localities in the Maya Mountains of Belize. This species lives in Tropical Moist Forest, Subtropical (Premontane) Moist and Wet Forest, and Lower Montane Wet Forest at elevations of 150­1170 m. Petén, Merendón, Quecchian, Mican, and Minan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus pygmaeus Taylor, 1936
Eleutherodactylus pygmaeus Taylor, 1936, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 39:352, pl. 1, figs. 3-4. Holotype: UIMNH 16125. Type-locality: one mile N Rodriquez Clara, Veracruz, Mexico.
Microbatrachylus pygmaeus-Taylor, 1939, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 26:500.

DISTRIBUTION: Veracruz and Guerrero (Mexico) southward to the Pacific versant of western Guatemala. In Guatemala it is known from about 2000 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus rhodopis (Cope, 1867)
Lithodytes rhodopis Cope, 1867 [dated 1866], Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18:323. Syntypes: USNM; USNM designated as lectotype by Smith and Taylor (1948:67). Type locality: Veracruz (Mexico) at Orizaba and Córdoba; restricted to Orizaba by lectotype designation.
Eleutherodactylus rhodopis-Kellogg, 1932, Bull, U.S. Natl. Mus. 160:112.
Eleutherodactylus rhodopis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:29.

DISTRIBUTION: Low and moderate elevations of southern Mexico to El Salvador. In Guatemala it is known from about 200 to 1700 m. Petén, Fuegan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus rivulus Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Stuart, 1943, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 471:1­28[16]. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rivulus Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:224. Holotype: UMMZ 90951. Type-locality: "Samac­Chamá Trail, on Finca Samac, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala." This site lies at about 1250 m.

DISTRIBUTION: The highlands of northern Guatemala including the mountains of Alta Verapaz and the eastern portion of the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes in the Department of Quiché. It occurs at elevations of 770­1250 m. Quecchian and Huehuetenangan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus rostralis (Werner, 1896)
Hylodes rostralis Werner, 1896, Verhand k. k. zool.-bot. Gesell Wien 1896:8. Holotype: Originally in the "Petersburger Museum," given as ZMB 13203 by Savage (1987:29). Type-locality: Honduras.
Hylodes sallaei, Günther, 1900, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[221] [?in part].
Eleutherodactylus rostralis-Stuart, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54:198. [In part, also included E. laticeps.]
Eleutherodactylus rostralis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[30]. [In part, also included E. laticeps.]

DISTRIBUTION: Mesic forests of eastern Guatemala and northern and western Honduras at elevations of 850­1300 m. Merendón and Jalapan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus rupinius Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Smith and Taylor, 1948, U.S. Natl. Mus. Bull. 194:65. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Stuart, 1954, Contr. Lab. Vert. Biol. Univ. Michigan 68:46. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rupinius Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:213. Holotype: UTA A-26199. Type-locality: "Finca El Faro, S slope Volcán Santa María, 4.0 km N El Palmar, 875 m, Quezaltenango, Guatemala.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific drainages of southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) from the vicinity of Escuintla southeastward through southern Guatemala to eastern El Salvador. It occurs at elevations of 400­1760 m. Fuegan and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus sabrinus Campbell and Savage, 2000
Eleutherodactylus ranoides-Schmidt, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 22:482. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus rugulosus-Neill, 1965, Bull. Florida St. Mus. 9:82. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Savage, 1975, Copeia 1975:289. [In part.]
Eleutherodactylus sp. (rugulosus group)-Campbell, 1998, Amph. Rept. N. Guatemala, Yucatán, Belize, p. 56.
Eleutherodactylus sabrinus Campbell and Savage, 2000, Herpetol. Monogr. 14:239. Holotype: UTA A-24425. Type-locality: "Las Escobas, 5.1 km WSW Puerto Santo Tomás, 150 m, Montañas del Mico, Izabal, Guatemala."

DISTRIBUTION: The fothills of eastern Guatemala including the Montañas del Mico, the Sierra de Santa Cruz, the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas, the northern portion of the Sierra de Merendón, and the Maya Mountains of Belize where it occurs from about sea level to 900 m. Quecchian, Minan, Merendón, Mican, and Mayan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus sandersoni Schmidt, 1941
Eleutherodactylus sandersoni Schmidt, 1941, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Zool. Ser. 22:485. Holotype: FMNH 49048. Type-locality: "Double Falls, west of Stann Creek, British Honduras, at ca. 150 m.
Eleutherodactylus rugulosus-Lynch, 1965, Herpetologica 21:110. [In part.]

DISTRIBUTION: Caribbean slopes of the Maya Mountains in east-central Belize southward to the Montañas del Mico in eastern Guatemala and westward to the Sierra de Santa Cruz, the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas, and the foothills of northern Alta Verapaz at elevations ranging from nar sea-level to 1160 m. Mayan, Mican, Quecchian, and Minan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus stuarti Lynch, 1967
Eleutherodactylus stuarti Lynch, 1967, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 70:180. Holotype: UMMZ 126738. Type-locality: "Aldea Paraiso, 13 km S La Mesilla (on Guatemala­Mexico border), Depto. Huehuetenango, Guatemala, 2200 m."

DISTRIBUTION: Mountainous regions of southwestern Guatemala and adjacent Chiapas (Mexico). Its elevation distribution is 1300­2200. Fuegan and Cuilcan Areas (map).

Eleutherodactylus trachydermus Campbell 1994
Eleutherodactylus trachydermus Campbell, 1994, Herpetologica 50:400. Holotype: UTA 33705/ Type-locality: Xiacam, Sierra de Santa Cruz, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala, 900 m.

DISTRIBUTION: nown only from the vicinity of the type-locality in the Sierra de Santa Cruz in Guatemala at an elevation of about 900 m. Quecchian Area (map).

Eleutherodactylus xucanebi Stuart, 1941
Hylodes brocchi Günther, 1900, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[236, pl. 68, figs. A-B] [in part]. Name preocuupied by Hylodes brocchi Boulenger, 1882 (Leptodactylidae).
Eleutherodactylys xucanebi Stuart, 1941, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 54:199. Holotype: UMMZ 89914. Type-locality: Cloud forest above Finca Volcán (49 km. airline E Cobán), Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; about 1300 m.

DISTRIBUTION: Northern highlands of Guatemala, including the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes, Sierra de Xucaneb, and Sierra de las Minas. Its elevational distribution is from about XX to XX m. Cuchumatan, Quecchian, and Minan Areas (map).

CONTENT: About 50 species.

Leptodactylus labialis (Cope, 1877)
Cystignathus labialis Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 17:90. Holotype: USNM 31302. Type-locality: Probably Mexico.
Leptodactylus fragilis Brocchi, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philomath. Paris (7)1:182. Holotype: MNHN 1952. Type-locality: Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Leptodactylus labialis-Brocchi, 1881, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 1:1­56[20].
Leptodactylus caliginosus-Brocchi, 1881, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 1:1­56 [17; pl. 5, figs. 1­1c].
Leptodactylus labialis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1-150[31].

DISTRIBUTION: On the Atlantic from southern Texas and on the Pacific from Guerrero southward through Central America to Costa Rica. In Guatemala, this species occurs from near sea-level to 1300 m. Petén, Salaman, Zacapan, Fuegan, Jalapan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Physalaemus pustulosus (Cope, 1864)
Paludicola pustulosa Cope, 1864, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16:180. Holotype: USNM 4339 [apparently now lost]. Type-locality: Truando River, Colombia.
Engystomops pustulosus-Boulenger, 1882, Catalog. Batr. Sal. Brit. Mus., ed 2, 503 pp.[275].
Engystomops pustulosus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1-150[31].

DISTRIBUTION: Low elevations from eastern and southern Mexico through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela. In Guaemala this species ranges from near sea-level to 1350 m. Petén, Salaman, Zacapan, Fuegan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Syrrhophus leprus Cope, 1879
Syrrhophus leprus Cope, 1879, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 18:268. Holotype: USNM 10040. Type locality: "Santa Efigenia," Oaxaca, Mexico.
Syrrhophus leprus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[32].

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Veracruz (Mexico) into northern Guatemala at elevations of 10­500 m. Petén Area (map).

Syrrhopus pipilans Taylor, 1940
Syrrhophus pipilans Taylor, 1940, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 53:95. Holotype: FMNH 100072. Type-locality: "9 mi. south of Mazatlán, Guerrero, México (km. 337)."
Syrrhopus nebulosus Taylor, 1943, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 29:353, pl. 27, figs. 3-5. Holotype: FMNH 100095. Type-locality: near Tonolá, Chiapas, Mexico.
Syrrhopus pipilans nebulosus-Duellman, 1958, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 594:9.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant and Río Grijalva Valley of Chiapas (Mexico); entering western Guatemala in the depression of the upper Río Grijalva Valley. Its elevational distribution is from about 300 to 1800 m. Grijalvan Area ( Map).

Syrrhopus rubrimaculatus Taylor and Smith, 1945
Syrrhopus rubrimaculatus Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 95:583. Holotype: USNM 114070. Type-locality: "La Esperanza, [near Escuintla,] Chiapas," Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Lower portion of Pacific versant of southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) and southwestern Guatemala. The elevation distribution is 300 to 880 m. Fuegan Areas (map).

Bufo bocourti Brocchi, 1877
Bufo bocourti Brocchi, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philom, Ser 7(1):186. Syntypes (9): MNHN 63-44; also 6471, according to Stuart, 1963. Type-locality: Totonicapán, Guatemala.
Bufo bocourti-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[25].

DISTRIBUTION: Highlands of Meseta Central of Chiapas (Mexico) and western Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1900 to 3200 m. Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, and Fuegan Areas (map).

Bufo campbelli Mendelson, 1994
Bufo campbelli Mendelson, 1994, Occas. Pap. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 166:1­21[40]. Holotype: KU 186320. Type-locality: "Las Escobas, 5.1 km W Puerto Santo Tomás, 104 m, Montañas del Mico, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala."

DISTRIBUTION: The Atlantic piedmont of Guatemala from northern Alta Verapaz and southern El Petén to Izabal. The elevational distribution of this species is from near sea level to at least1080 m. Petén, Quecchian, Mayan, Mican, and Merendón Areas (map).

Bufo canalifer Cope, 1877
Bufo canaliferus Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 17:85. Syntypes: USNM 30315­24. Type locality: West Tehuantepec, Mexico.
Bufo canaliferus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[25].
Bufo canalifer-Frost, XXXX.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant from Oaxaca (Mexico) southeastward into El Salvador. Its elevational distribution is from about 10 to 700 m. Escuintlan, Fuegan, and Jalapan Areas (map).

Bufo coccifer Cope, 1866
Bufo coccifer Cope, 1866, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 18:130. Holotype: USNM 6490. Type-locality: "Arriba," Costa Rica.
Bufo coccifer-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[25].

DISTRIBUTION: Low and moderate elevations from Mexico to Costa Rica at elevations from near sea-level to 2000 m. Minan, Chuacús, Jalapan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Bufo ibarrai Stuart, 1954
Bufo ibarrai Stuart, 1954, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 67:162. Holotype: UMMZ 108000. Type-locality: Oak-pine zone at Aserradero San Lorenzo (about 12 airline km. slightly east of north of Jalapa), Jalapa, Guatemala; 1725 meters.
Bufo ibarrai-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[26].

DISTRIBUTION: Sierra de las Minas, eastern portion of the Guatemalan Plateau, and mountains of southeastern Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1500 to 1730 m. Minan and Jalapan Area (map).

Bufo luetkeni Boulenger, 1891
Bufo luetkeni Boulenger, 1891, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8:455. Syntypes (3): BM 1947.2.21.67, other two specimens now lost, according to Stuart, 1963. Type-locality: Cartago, Costa Rica.
Bufo luetkeni-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[26].

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant from southeastern Guatemala to Costa Rica. In Guatemala, this species also occurs in several of the dry interior valleys, including the upper Río Motagua and the Salamá Basin. Its elevational distribution is from about 10 to 1300 m. Zacapan, Salaman, and Jalapan Areas (map).

Bufo marinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Rana marina Linnaeus, 1758, Syst. Nat., ed. 10:211. Holotype: originally in the Seba collection [see Kellogg, 1932]. Type-locality: "America"; restricted to Surinam [sic, = Suriname] by Schmidt, 1941:482.
Bufo horribilis Wiegmann, 1833, Isis von Oken 26:654. Syntypes: Mus. Nat. Berlin 3478­81. Type-locality: Misantla and Veracruz, Mexico.
Bufo marinus-Schneider, 1882, Hist. Amphib., 219.
Bufo marinus-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:26.

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread at low elevations from southern Texas (USA) southward through Mexico and Central America to Brazil. In Guatemala, it occurs throughout the lowlands of both the Atlantic and Pacific drainages. Most records are from below 1000 m, but the species is known from above 1500 m near Guatemala City and the slopes drained by the upper tributaries of the Río Negro. Petén, Mayan, Quecchian, Mican, Minan, Chuacús, Zacapan, Salaman, Grijalvan, Jalapan, Fuegan, and Escuintlan Area (map).

Bufo macrocristatus Firschein and Smith, 1957
Bufo valliceps macrocristatus Firschein and Smith, 1957, Herpetologica 13:219­222[219]. Holotype: UIMNH 35583. Type-locality: between La Gloria and Cerro Azul, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Bufo valliceps-Baylor and Stuart, 1961, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 74:195­202[198].
Bufo cavifrons-Porter, 1 1963, Herpetologica 19:229­247[232]. [In part.]
Bufo macrocristatus-Tihen, 1962, Am. Midl. Nat. 67:157­183[168].

DISTRIBUTION: Cloud forest of southeastern Oaxaca and northern Chiapas (Mexico) and northwestern Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes of Guatemala, at elevations of 1000­1200 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Bufo tacanensis P. Smith, 1952
Bufo tacanensis P. Smith, 1952, Copeia 1952:176, pl. 1. Holotype: UMMZ 88359. Type locality: Volcán Tacaná, Union Juarez, Chiapas, Mexico; 1500 meters.
Bufo tacanensis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[26].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific versant of southwestern Guatemala and adjacent southeastern Chiapas (Mexico). Its elevational distribution is from about 1500 to 1700 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Bufo tutelarius Mendelson, 1997
Bufo valliceps-Porter, 1963, Herpetologica 19:229­247[fig. 8]. [In part.]
Bufo cavifrons-Johnson, 1989, Contrib. Biol. Geol. Milwaukee Pub. Mus. 76:1­66[42, 60]. [In part.]
Bufo tutelarius Mendelson, 1997, Herpetoogica 53:14­30[15]. Holotype: UTA A-13135. Type locality: "Colonia Rodulfo Figueroa, 19.0 km NW Rizo de Oro, Oaxaca, Mexico, 1370 m."

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico from the Cerro Baúl region eastward through the Sierra Madre del Sur of Chiapas to the Montañas del Cuilco in western Guatemala. This species occurs in Lower Montane Wet forest at elevations of 1650 to 2000 m. Fuegan and Cuilcan Areas (map).

Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833
Bufo valliceps Wiegmann, 1833, Isis 1833:657. Syntypes (8): ZMB 3525-32. Type-locality: Mexico.
?Bufo canaliferus-Brocchi, 1882, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Cent. 2:5796[74, pl. 8, figs. 2-2b]. [Not of Cope, 1877.]
Bufo valliceps valliceps-Firschein and Smith, 1957, Herpetologica 13:219­222[219].
Bufo valliceps valliceps-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[26].

DISTRIBUTION: Widespread from the United States from southwestern Mississippi and Lousiana through eastern ans southern Texas southward on the Atlantic versant and coastal plain to Nicaragua; crossing over in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec region to the Pacific and thence to southeastern Guatemala Bufo valliceps occurs throughout most of the lowlands of the Petén, the Río PolochicValley, and Río Motagua Valley. In Guatemala, it occurs from sea-level to 1850 m. Petén, Mayan, Cuchumatan, Quecchian, Mican, Minan, Chuacús, Zacapan, Salaman, Jalapan, Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, Fuegan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

Bufo wilsoni Baylor and Stuart, 1961
Bufo valliceps wilsoni Baylor and Stuart, 1961, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 74:195­202[195, figs. 1-2]. Holotype: UMMZ 119391. Type-locality: Jacaltenango (ca. 50 airline km. NW Huehuetenango), Huehuetenango, Guatemala; ca. 1525 m.

DISTRIBUTION: The slopes in western Guatemala drained by the upper tributaries of the Río Grijalva. The elevation range is from 300 to 800 m. Grijalvan Area (map).

Genus Agalychnis 1864

Agalychnis Cope, 1864, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 16:181. Type-species: Hyla callidryas Cope (1862), according to Frost (1985:198).

CONTENT: Eight species.

Agalychnis callidryas (Cope, 1862)
Hyla callidryas Cope, 1862, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14:359. Holotype: ANSP 2091. Type-locality: Darién, Panama; unjustifiably restricted to Córdoba, Veracruz, Mexico, by Smith and Taylor (1950:347).
Agalychnis callidryas-Cope, 1965, Nat. Hist. Rev. 12:97­119[110].
Agalychnis helenae Cope, 1885, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 22:167­194[182]. Holotype: USNM 13737. Type-locality: "Nicaragua."
Phyllomedusa helenae-Kellog, 1932, Bull. U.S. Nat. Mus. 160:1­224[145].
Phyllomedusa (Agalychnis) callidryas-Lutz, 1950, Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 48:599­637[601].
Phyllomedusa callidryas taylori Funkhouser, 1957, Occas. Pap. Nat. Hist. Mus. Stanford Univ. 5:1­89[34, fig. 22]. Holotype: FMNH 100166. Type-locality: Tierra Colorada, Veracruz, Mexico.
Phyllomedusa callidryas-Savage and Heyer, 1967, Beitr. Neotrop. Fauna 5:111­131[123].
Agalychnis callidryas-Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 1:1­753[102].

DISTRIBUTION: Southern Mexico from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca southeastward on Atlantic lowlands and foothills to eastern Panama; from Nicaragua to Panama this species occurs along Pacific drainages. In Guatemala, this species occurs in the northern and eastern lowlands in XXX forest and has a vertical distribution from about sea level to 800 m. Petén, Quecchian, and Mican Areas (map).

Agalychnis moreletii (Duméril, 1853)
Hyla moreletii Duméril, 1853, Ann. Sci. Nat. 19:169. Syntypes (2): MNHN 767-2 individuals. Type-locality: "Verapaz," Guatemala; restricted to Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, by Smith and Taylor (1950:317).
Hyla holochlora Salvin, 1860, Proc. Biol. Soc. London, pp. 451­461[460; pl. 32, fig. 5]. Holotype: BM 1947.2.24.23. Type-locality: Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.
Agalychnis moreletii-Cope, 1865, Nat. Hist. Rev. 12:97­119[110].
Hyla moreleti-Brocchi, 1881, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Centr. 1:1­56[31, pl. 13, fig. 1].
Phyllomedusa moreletii-Kellogg, 1932, Bull. U.S. Natl. Mus. 160:1­224[146, figs. 19a, 20a, 20b.]
Phyllomedusa moreleti-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[38].
Agalychnis moreletii-Duellman, 1970, Monogr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 1:1­753[112].

DISTRIBUTION: The Atlantic versant from Veracruz, Mexico, to west-central Belize and eastern Guatemala; on the Pacific versant from Guerrero, Mexico, eastward through southern Guatemala to central El Salvador. In Guatemala, this species is widespread across the northern highlands, including the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, mountains of Alta Verapaz, and Sierra de las Minas. In eastern Guatemala, it has been taken from the Sierra de Santa Cruz and the Sierra de Merendón. The species occurs along the southern highlands of Guatemala. It has an elevational distribution is from about 500 to 2130 m. Mayan, Quecchian, Minan, Chuacús, Jalapan, Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, and Fuegan Area (map).

Duellmanohyla schmidtorum (Stuart, 1954)
Ptychohyla schmidtorum Stuart, 1954, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 67:170. Holotype: FMNH 20755. Type-locality: Finca El Porvenir, 17 km., airline, W San Marcos, San Marcos, Guatemala; [probably 1700-2000 meters].
Ptychohyla schmidtorum-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[41].
Ptychohyla schmidtorum schmidtorum-Duellman, 1963, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 15:205­249[331].
Duellmanohyla schmidtorum-Campbell and Smith, 1992, Herpetologica 48:153­167[164].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific versant of extreme southeastern Oaxaca and southeastern Chiapas, Mexico, and southwestern Guatemala. The distributional hiatus across most of Chiapas may be an artifact of collecting. In Guatemala the species occurs on the southern slopes of Volcán Santa María in lower cloud forest forest. Its elevational distribution is from 500 to 2200 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Duellmanohyla soralia (Wilson and MCCranie, 1985)
Hyla soralia Wilson and McCranie, 1985, Herpetologica 48:165. Holotype: KU 195554. Type locality: Quebrada Grande (15š05'N, 88š55'W), 1370 m, Sierra de Omoa, Departamento Copán, Honduras.
Ptychohyla soralia-XXXXXXXXX.
Duellmanohyla soralia-Campbell and Smith, 1992, Herpetologica 48:153­167[165].

DISTRIBUTION: Sierra of Omoa of northwestern Honduras and the Sierra del Merendón of adjacent Guatemala. Merendón Area (map).

Genus Hyla Laurenti, 1768

Hyla Laurenti, 1768, Synop. Rept., p. 32. Type-species: Hyla viridis Laurenti, 1768 [= Rana arborea Linnaeus, 1758], by subsequent designation of Stejneger (1907:75).

CONTENT: Many species in the Old and New World; the number of species may be expected to decrease as monotypic lineages are identified and designated as separate genera.

Hyla bocourti Mocquard, 1899
Hyla regilla-Brocchi, 1881, Miss. Sci. Mex. Am. Centr. 1:1­56[31, pl. 13, figs. 2-2a]. [In part.]
Hyliola bocourti Mocquard, 1899, Nouv. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat., ser. 1(4):341. Syntypes (14): MNHN 1266-2 individuals, 6370-6 individuals, 6371-6 individuals. Type-locality: Alta Verapaz, Guatemala.
Hyla bocourti-Günther, 1901, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[263].
Hyla walkeri-Duellman, 1970, Mongr. Mus. Nat. Hist. Univ. Kansas 1:1­753[510]. [In part; see Remarks.]
Hyla bocourti-Campbell and Lawson, 1992, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington.

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de las Minas and the highlands of Atla Verapaz, Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1325 to 1500 m. Quecchian and Minan Area (map).

Hyla bromeliacea Schmidt, 1933
Hyla bromeliacea, Schmidt, 1933, Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Publ. Zool Ser. 20:19. Holotype: FMNH 4718. Type-locality: Mountains west of San Pedro Sula, Honduras, 4500 feet.

DISTRIBUTION: The Atlantic versant from the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes of Guatemala eastward through the northern and eastern highlands of Guatemala to northwestern Honduras. In Guatemala, this species is known from the following mountain ranges: Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Sierra de Xucaneb and associated ranges in Alta Verapaz, Sierra de las Minas, Sierra de Santa Cruz, and the Sierra de Merendón. Its elevational distribution is from about 900 to 1650 m. Quecchian, Minan, Cuchumatan, and Merendón Areas (map).

Hyla dendrophasma Campbell, Smith, and Acevedo, 2000
Hyla dendrophasma Campbell, Smith, and Acevedo, 2000, Herpetologica 56:250­256[251]. Holotype: UTA A-51838. Type-locality: "along the Riachuelo Sancapech, Finca San Francisco, near Aldea Yalambojoch, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. This locality is located at about 16š01'56" N and 91š33'29" W at 1270 m."

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the type-locality in the northwestern portion of the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes at an elevation of 1270 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Hyla ebraccata Cope, 1874
Hyla ebraccata Cope, 1874, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 26:69. Holotype: ANSP 2079. Type-locality: Nicaragua; Dunn and Stuart, 1951, reported that the original label gave the locality "Machuca." Duellman (1970:227) placed Machuca in Zelaya Province, Nicaragua.
Hyla leucophyllata-Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Ecaud. collect. British Mus., 503pp.[387]. [In part.]
Hyla weyerae-Taylor, 1945, XXXX[633]. Holotype: KU 34850. Type-locality: Esquinas Forest Preserve, Las Esquinas, between Palmar and Golfito, Puntarenas Province, Costa Rica.
Hyla ebraccata-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[35].

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic versant of southern Mexico from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca eastward across the central Petén region of Guatemala to Belize, and from about central Nicaragua southeastward through Costa Rica and Panama, where it occurs on both coasts, to the Chocó of Colombia. Its elevational distribution is from about sea-level to 600 m. Petén Area (map).

Hyla loquax Gaige and Stuart, 1934
Hyla loquax Gaige and Stuart, 1934, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 281:1. Holotype: UMMZ 75446. Type-locality: Ixpuc Aguada, N of La Libertad, El Petén, Guatemala.
Hyla stadelmani Schmidt, 1936, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 49:43­50[45]. Holotype: MCZ 21310. Type-locality: Subirana Valley, Departamento Yoro, Honduaras.
Hyla axillamembrana Shannon and Werler, 1955, Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 58:360­386[383]. Holotype: UIMNH 67059. Type-locality: 8 kilometers south of Lago de Catemaco on San Andrés Tuxtla­Minatitlán road, Veracruz, Mexico.

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic versant of southern Mexico from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca eastward and southward through Central America to Costa Rica, exclusive of most of the northern half of the Yucatán Peninsula. Its elevational distribution is from about sea-level to 500 m. Petén, Mican, and Quecchian Areas (map).

Hyla microcephala Cope, 1886
Hyla microcephala Cope, 1886, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 23:271­287[281]. Syntypes (2): USNM 13472-2 individuals, now apparently lost. Type-locality: Chiriquí, Panama.
Hyla microcephala Boulenger, 1898, Proc. Zool. Soc. London 1898:473­482[481]. Syntypes (2): BM 1947.2.23.28­29. Type-locality: Bebedero, Guanacaste Province, Costa Rica. [Not Hyla microcephala Cope, 1886.]
Hyla underwoodi Boulenger, 1899, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (7)3:273­277[277]. [Substitute name for Hyla microcephala Boulenger, 1898; preoccupied by Hyla microcephala Cope, 1886.]
Hyla microcephala underwoodi-Smith, 1951, Herpetologica 7:184­190[187].
Hyla microcepahala martini Smith, 1951, Herpetologica 7:184­190[187]. Holotype: UIMNH 20965. Type-locality: Encarnación, Campeche, Mexico
Hyla microcephala martini-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[36].

DISTRIBUTION: On the Atlantic lowlands from southern Mexico from southern Veracruz and northern Oaxaca eastward through Central America to Nicaragua, where it crosses over to the Pacific lowlands and continues through Costa Rica and Panama into South America. In Guatemala, this species is widely distributed in the northern and eastern lowlands at elevations from near sea level to about 750 m. Petén and Mican Areas (map).

Hyla minera Wilson, McCranie, and Williams, 1985
Hyla minera Wilson, McCranie, and Williams, 1985, Herpetologica 41:145.. Holotype: MVZ 130790. Type-locality: 4.2 km (by road) S Purulhá, 176o m, Departamento Baja Verapaz, Guatemala..

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de las Minas and the Sierra de Santa Cruz of Guatemala to the Maya Mountains of Belize. This species probably occurs in the mountains of Alta Verapaz as well. Its elevational distribution is from about 700 to 1830 m. Quecchian, Minan, and Mayan Areas (map).

Hyla perkinsi Campbell and Brodie, 1992
Hyla perkinsi Campbell and Brodie, 1992, J. Herpetol. 26:187. Holotype: UTA A-24637. Type locality: Finca Chiblac (15š53'N, 91š16'W, 1080 m), 21.1 km (by road) NNE of Barillas, Departamento Huehuetenango, Guatemala..

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type-locality in the northern Sierra de los Cuchumatanes in Huehuetenango, Guatemala, at elevations of 1000­1100 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Hyla picta (Günther, 1901)
Hylella picta Günther, 1901, Biol. Cent. Am., Rept. Batr., 326 pp.[286, pl. 73, fig. C]. Holotype: BM 1947.2.22.62. Type-locality: Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Hyla picta-Nieden, 1923, Tierreich 46, 584 pp.[284].
Hyla picta-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[36].

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic lowlands and foothills of Mexico from southeastern San Luis Potosí southeastward through northern and eastern Guatemala to northern Honduras. In Guatemala, this species occurs at elevations of about sea-level to 600 m. Petén and Quecchian Areas (map).

Hyla robertmertensi Taylor, 1937
Hyla robertmertensi Taylor, 1937, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 50:43, pl. 2, figs. 3-7. Holotype: FMNH 100096. Type-locality: near Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico.
Hyla robertmertensi-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[36].

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific lowlands of Mexico from southeastern Oaxaca southeastward through Guatemala to El Salvador. Its elevational distribution is from about sea-level to 700 m. Escuintlan, Jalapan, and Fuegan Areas (map).

Hyla salvaje Wilson, McCranie, and Williams, 1985
Hyla salvaje Wilson, McCranie, and Williams, 1985, Herpetologica 41:141. Holotype: KU 195549. Type-locality: Quebrada Grande (15š05'N, 88š55'W), Departamento Copán, Honduras.

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de Omoa in northwestern Honduras and the highlands near La Unión, Guatemala, at XXX m. Jalapan Area (map).

Hyla walkeri Stuart, 1954
Hyla walkeri Stuart, 1954, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 67:165. Holotype: UMMZ 106817. Type-locality: Aserradero San Lorenzo (12 km., airline, slightly east of north of Jalapa), Jalapa, Guatemala; 1725 meters.
Hyla euphorbiacea biseriata Lynch in Smith, Langebartel, and Williams, 1964, Illinois Biol. Monogr. 32:1­80[24]. [Nomen nudum.]

DISTRIBUTION: The Meseta Central of Chiapas (Mexico) to the southeastern highlands of Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1450 to 2340 m. Jalapan and Cuchumatan Areas (map).

CONTENT: Five species.

Phrynohyas venulosa Laurenti, 1768
Rana venulosa Laurenti, 1768, Spec. Med., 214 pp.[31]. Based on a plate in Seba, 1734, Locup. Rerum Nat. Thes., vol. 1:1­178[pl. 72, fig. 4].
Hyla venulosa-Daudin, 1803, Hist. Nat. Rept., p. 71.
Hyla zonata Spix, 1824, Anim. Nova Brasiliam, 53 pp.[41]. Holotype: Unknown. Type locality: from Lago Teffé at mouth of Rio Teffé, Amazonas, Brasil.
Hyla bufonia Spix, 1824, Anim. Nova Brasiliam, 53 pp.[42]. Holotype: Unknown. Type locality: Eca, Amazonas, Brasil.
Hyla vermiculata Duméril and Bibron, 1841, Erp. Gén. Hist. Nat. Rept., p.563. Holotype: MNHNP 4797. Type-locality: "Amerique."
Phrynohyas zonata-Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept., 106 pp.[30].
Acrodytes venulosa-Fitzinger, 1843, Syst. Rept., 106 pp.[30].
Hyla lichenosa Günther, 1859, Cat. Batr. Sal. Collect. Brit. Mus., 160 pp.[102]. Lectotype: BM 1936.12.3.119. Type-locality: Amazonas, Brasil.
Scytopis venulosus-Cope, 1866, J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia (2)6:67­112[85].
Hyla spilomma Cope, 1877, Proc. Am. Philos. Soc. 17:85­98[86]. Holotype: Probably originally in the USNM, now apparently lost. Type-locality: Cosamaloapam, Veracruz, Mexico.
Hyla paenulata Brocchi, 1879, Bull. Soc. Philom. Paris (7)1:19­24[21]. Holotype: Originally in MNHNP, now apparently lost. Type-locality: western [southern] versant of Guatemala.
Hyla nigropunctata Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Ecaud. Collect. Brit. Mus, 2nd ed., 503 pp.[366]. Syntypes (2): BM 59.9.20.2 and 80.10.31.20. Type-locality: Jalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
Acrodytes inflata Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:41­45[63]. Holotype: FMNH 100046. Type-locality: La Venta, Guerrero, Mexico.
Acrodytes spilomma-Taylor, 1944, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 30:41­45[64].
Acrodytes modesta Taylor and Smith, 1945, Proc. U.S. Natl. Mus. 95:521­613[594; pl. 27, fig. 2; pl. 28, figs. 2­3]. Holotype: USNM 115013. Type-locality: Cruz de Piedra, near Acacoyagua, Chiapas, Mexico.
Acrodytes spilomma-Smith and Taylor, 1948, Bull. U. S. Natl Mus. 194:1­118[75].
Phrynohyas inflata-Duelmman, 1956, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 96:1­47[19].
Phrynohyas latifasciata Duellman, 1956, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 96:1­47[24]. Holotype: BM 83.2.7.1. Type-locality: Presidio, Sinaloa, Mexico.
Phrynohyas modesta-Duellman, 1956, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 96:1­47[25; pl. 3, fig. 2].
Phrynohyas spilomma-Duellman, 1956, Mis. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 96:1­47[28; pl. 4, figs. 1­2].
Phrynohyas corasterias Shannon and Humphrey, 1957, Herpetologica 13:15­18[15]. Holotype: UIMNH 67060. Type-locality: 4.8 miles east of San Blas, Nayarit, Mexico.
Phrynohyas modesta-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[37].
Phrynohuas spilomma-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[37].
Hyla venulosa venulosa-Rivero, 1964, Caribbean J. Sci. 4:307­319[311].

DISTRIBUTION: Mexico from central Tamaulipas on the Atlantic and from southern Sinaloa on the Pacific southeastward through Mexico and Central America to Costa Rica, where is is restricted to the Pacific versant, except in central Panama, and continues through southern Central America into South America where it is widespread in the lowlands east of the Andes. In Guatemala, this species occurs in the northern lowlands, the Río Motagua Valley, and Pacific lowlands. It is distributed at elevations of 0­1000 m. Petén, Minan, Zacapan, and Escuintlan Areas (map).

CONTENT: About 18 species.

Plectrohyla acanthodes Duellman and Campbell, 1992
Plectrohyla acanthodes Duellman and Campbell, 1992, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 181:1­32[2]. Holotype: KU 58824. Type-locality: "from a stream 6.2 km (by road) S of Rayón Mescalapa, 1690 m, Chiapas, Mexico (17š10' N, 92š58' W)."

DISTRIBUTION: Northern slopes of the Meseta Central of Chiapas (Mexico) and the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes of Guatemala. The species is known from elevations of 1540 to 2250 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Plectrohyla avia Stuart, 1953
Plectrohyla avia Stuart, 1952, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 65:1­12 [6]. Holotype: UMMZ 102280. Type-locality: Granja Lorena (about 10 km., airline, NW Colomba), Quezaltenango, Guatemala; 1750 meters.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific versant of Chiapas (Mexico) and western Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 1685 to 2200 m. Fuegan Area (map).

Plectrohyla glandulosa (Boulenger, 1883)
Hyla glandulosa Boulenger, 1883, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (5)12:161­167[164]. Syntypes: BMNH 1947.2.20.40­41. Type-locality: "Guatemala."
Plectrohyto [sic, = Plectrohyla] cotzicensis Stuart, 1948, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 61:17­18[17]. Holotype: UMMZ 95902. Type-locality: Source of Río Cuilco on the slopes of Cerro Cotzic about 2 km. NW Ixchiguán, San Marcos, Guatemala; about 3500 meters.
Plectrohyla cotzicensis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:1­150[39].

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes and central and southern highlands of Guatemala,, and the highlands of northwestern El Salvador and adjacent Honduras at elevations of 2400­3500 m. Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, Fuegan, and Jalapan Areas (map).

Plectrohyla guatemalensis Brocchi, 1877
Plectrohyla guatemalensis, Brocchi, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser 7(1):92­93[92]. Syntypes (2): MNHN 6332-2 individuals. Type-locality: Pacicilla [sic, = Patzicía], Chimaltenango, Guatemala.
Cauphias guatemalensis-Brocchi, 1877, Bull. Soc. Philom., ser 7(1):122­132[130].
Hyla guatemalensis-Boulenger, 1882, Cat. Batr. Sal. Ecaud. collect. British Mus., 503pp.[396].
Plectrohyla guatemalensis-Stuart, 1963, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 122:39.

DISTRIBUTION: From the highlands of southeatern Chiapas, Mexico, across the Guatemalan Plateau and adjacent highlands to northwestern El Salvador and adjacent Honduras. It occurs at elevations of 990­2500 m. Cuchumatan, Chimaltenangan, Fuegan, and Jalapan Areas (map).

Plectrohyla hartwegi Duellman, 1968
Plectrohyla hartwegi Duellman, 1968, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 17:559­578[576]. Holotype: UMMZ 94428. Type-locality: Barrejonel, 19 kilometers west of Chicomuselo, Chiapas, Mexico, 1000 m.

DISTRIBUTION: The highlands of extreme southeastern Oaxaca through the Sierra Madre del Sur of Chiapas (Mexico) to the Pacific highlands of south western Guatemala, and the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes and Alta Verapaz highlands at elevations of 925­2520 m. Cuchumatan, Minan, Chuacús, and probably Fuegan Areas (map).

Plectrohyla ixil Stuart, 1942
Plectrohyla ixil Stuart, 1942, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 455:4. Holotype: UMMZ 89092. Type-locality: Finca San Francisco about 25 km. NE Nebaj, El Quiché, Guatemala; about 1175 meters.

DISTRIBUTION: The Atlantic slopes of Chiapas, Mexico, and northwestern Guatemala. This species occurs at elevations of 1175­1690 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Plectrohyla matudai Hartweg, 1941
Plectrohyla matudai Hartweg, 1941, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 437:1­10[5]. Holotype: UMMZ 88863. Type-locality: Cloud forest on Mt. Ovando, District of Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico; 1800 meters.
Plectrohyla brachycephala Taylor, 1949, Am. Mus. Novitat. 1437:1­21[16]. Holotype: AMNH 53761. Type-locality: tributary of the Río Ostuta, at the foot of the Sierra Madre between Sierra Madre and Cerro Atravesado, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Plectrohyla matudai brachycephala-Bumzahem and Smith, 1954, Herpetologica 10:61­66[62].
Plectrohyla matudai matudai-Bumzahem and Smith, 1954, Herpetologica 10:63.
Plectrohyla matudai-Duellman and Campbell, 1992, Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 181:1­32[14].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific slopes and highlands from extreme southeastern Oaxaca through Chiapas (Mexico) and southwestern Chiapas to the Las Nubes Block in eastern Guatemala; the species also occurs in pine-oak forest in the upper tributaries of the Grijalva Depression in western Guatemala and on Cerro Azul in northwestern Honduras. It occurs at elevations of 700­2300 m. Fuegan, Cuchumatan, Cuilcan, and Jalapan Areas (map).

Plectrohyla pokomchi Duellman and Campbell, 1984
Plectrohyla pokomchi Duellman and Campbell, 1984, Copeia 1984:390­397[394]. Holotype: KU 190231. Type-locality: Río Sananjá, 1585­1707 m, 3.5 km east of La Unión Barrios, Departamento Baja Verapaz, Guatemala (15š11'N, 90š10'W).

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de las Minas and nearby Sierra de Xucaneb of eastern Guatemala at elevations of 1400­1900 m. Quecchian and Minan Areas (map).

Plectrohyla quecchi Stuart, 1942
Plectrohyla quecchi Stuart, 1942, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 455:1. Holotype: UMMZ 89086. Type-locality: Barranca Las Palmas about 2 km. N Finca Los Alpes, 43 km., airline, E and slightly S Cobán, Alta Verapaz, Guatemala; about 1015 meters.

DISTRIBUTION: The northern highlands of Guatemala in the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes, the Alta­Baja Verapaz highlands, and the Sierra de las Minas at elevations of 615­1850 m. Cuchumatan, Quecchian, and Minan Areas (map).

Plectrohyla sagorum Hartweg, 1941
Plectrohyla sagorum Hartweg, 1941, Occas. Pap. Mus. Zool. Univ. Michigan 437:2, pl. 1, figs. 1 3. Holotype: UMMZ 88862. Type-locality: Cloud forest on Mt. Ovando, District of Soconusco, Chiapas, Mexico; 1800 meters.

DISTRIBUTION: Pacific slopes of the Sierra Madre in southeastern Chiapas (Mexico) to the volcanos of southwestern Guatemala. A single record exists for the highlands of northwestern El Salvador. The elevational distribution is 1450­2050 m. Fuegan and probably Jalapan Area (map).

Plectrohyla tecunumani Duellman and Campbell, 1984
Plectrohyla tecunumani Duellman and Campbell, 1984, Copeia 1984:390­397[391]. Holotype: LACM 39956. Type-locality: A cave 1 km east of Chemal, 3395 m, Departamento Huehuetenango, Guatemala (15š27'N, 91š31'W).

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from a single, small stream flowing through a cave and a small stream flowing through a grassy meadow in the Sierra de Los Cuchumatanes in western Guatemala at elevations of 3200­3400 m. Cuchumatan Area (map).

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the vicinity of the type-locality in the highlands of Alta Verapaz, Guatemala, at an elevation of about 1000 m. Quecchian Area (map).

CONTENT:

Ptychohyla euthysanota (Kellogg, 1928)
Hyla euthysanota Kellogg, 1928, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41:123. Holotype: USNM 73296. Type-locality: Los Esesmiles, Chalatenango, El Salvador; 6400 feet.
Hyla rozellae Taylor, 1942, Univ. Kansas Sci. Bull. 28:67­89[78]. Holotype: USNM 115039. Type-locality: Salto de Agua, Chiapas, Mexico.
Ptychohyla bogerti Taylor, 1949, Am. Mus. Novit. 1437:1­21[13]. Holotype: AMNH 51847. Type-locality: Río Grande, Oaxaca, Mexico.
Ptychohyla euthysanota -Duellman, 1961, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 13:351.
Ptychohyla rozellae-Gorham, 1963, Canadian Field-Nat. 77:13­48[24].

DISTRIBUTION: The Pacific slopes from southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico, through Chiapas and Guatemala to north-central El Salvador. In Guatemala, this species occurs in the highlands of the southern volcanic cordillera and the southeastern highlands at elevations of 660 to 2200 m. Jalapan and Fuegan Areas (map).

Ptychohyla macrotympanum (Tanner, 1957)
Hyla macrotympanum Tanner, 1957, Great Basin Nat. 17:52­56[52]. Holotype: BYU 13752. Type-locality: 10 miles E Chiapa de Corzo, Chiapas, Mexico.
Ptychohyla macrotympanum-Duellman, 1961, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 13:349­357[351].
Ptychohyla euthysanota macrotympanum-Duellman, 1963, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist. 15:297­249[320].
Ptychohyla macrotympanum-Campbell and Smith, 1992, Herpetologica 48:153­167[154].

DISTRIBUTION: The northern highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, and of western Guatemala. In Guatemala, this species is found in the southwestern portion of the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes. Cuchumatan Area (map).

Ptychohyla panchoi Duellman and Campbell, 1982
Ptychohyla panchoi Duellman and Campbell, 1982, Herpetologica 38:374. Holotype: KU 190333. Type-locality: "Aldea Vista Hermosa, Municipio Los Amates, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala....at an elevation of 600 m.

DISTRIBUTION: Known only from the northern slopes of the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas and the Montañas del Mico of Guatemala. Its elevational distribution is from about 250 to 600 m. Minan and Mican Areas (map).

DISTRIBUTION: Atlantic slopes from Guatemala to Nicaragua at elevations of 500­2000 m. Quecchian, Minan, and Cuchumatan Areas (map).

Ptychohyla sanctaecrucis Campbell and Smith, 1992
Ptychohyla sanctaecrucis Campbell and Smith, 1992, Herpetologica 48:155. Holotype: UTA A 30170. Type-locality: "near Chinamococh, Finca Semuc, Departamento de Izabal, Guatemala" at about 640 m elevation.

DISTRIBUTION: The Sierra de Santa Cruz in the Department of Izabal, Guatemala. It occurs at elevations