Malware

Malware

Malware is one of the most serious threats to the security of computers, tablets, phones, and other devices. It includes viruses, ransomware, spyware, and other harmful software that criminals secretly install without your knowledge. Once malware is on your device, attackers can steal personal information, send unwanted or inappropriate messages, lock or encrypt your files and demand payment to restore access, and expose your device to additional attacks. Understanding how to identify and prevent malware is essential to protecting your devices and data.

Cybercriminals use malware to gain access to sensitive information such as usernames and passwords, bank account details, and Social Security numbers. They can then use this information to commit identity theft or financial fraud. If you believe your personal information or identity may have been compromised, visit IdentityTheft.gov for guidance on what steps to take next.

Common Types of Malware

Ransomware
Ransomware blocks access to files or systems and demands payment to restore them. It often spreads through email attachments, malicious links, or compromised websites and can cause major operational disruption and data loss.

Viruses
Viruses attach to legitimate files and activate when those files are opened. They can damage systems, corrupt data, and spread to other files or devices.

Worms
Worms spread quickly across networks without user interaction. They exploit vulnerabilities and can significantly disrupt systems and network performance.

Trojan Horse
Trojans appear to be legitimate software but contain hidden malicious functions. Once installed, they can steal data, damage systems, or create security backdoors that allow malicious actors to gain access.

Spyware
Spyware runs silently to collect sensitive information such as passwords and financial data. Keyloggers are a common type that records keystrokes that can compromise your credentials and record sensitive content.

Adware
Adware tracks browsing activity to display ads. While not always harmful, some adware can slow systems, redirect users to unsafe sites, or include other malware.